The Aqueduct of Los Millares – Investigations of the Water Supply of a Large Chalcolithic Settlement in the South-East of the Iberian Pensinsula

洛斯米亚雷斯渡槽 － 伊比利亚半岛东南部大型红铜矿定居点的供水调查

• 批准号: 401610041
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Rüdiger Krause
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung III: Vor- und Frühgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/401610041?language=en
• 关键词: Aqueduct; Los; Millares; Investigations; Water

The archaeological site of Los Millares, ca. 15 kms north of port Almería in Andalusia, is one of the greatest known chalcolithic fortifications of the Iberian Peninsula. The settlement and the necropolis with more than 70 tumuli was discovered at the end of the 19th century by two mining engineers, Louis and Henri Siret.In the maps drawn by L. Siret, an aqueduct can be seen leading from its now vanished source within a distance of ca. 1 km from the settlement of Los Millares to a cistern inside the settlement. L. Siret also described this aqueduct in various publications. From 1978 to 1991 most parts of the settlement fortification were excavated by A. Arribas Palau and F. Molina González, University of Granada. Today we can see the following parts of the water supply facilities: a suspected passage through the first outer wall, strongly sintered stones between the first and the second wall and two suspected cisterns inside the third and fourth fortification wall. But there exists no clear archaeological evidence for Siret’s theorised water supply.The main goal of this research is to give empirical evidence that in the Copper Age there existed an ingenious system of water supply which included an aqueduct and one or more attached sources in Los Millares. If possible additional statements about the water quality and the climatic conditions will be made. Firstly, the geological and hydrogeological conditions for groundwater exploitation in the Copper Age in the catchment area of the Rio Andarax valley will be examined where Los Millares is located. Secondly, the archaeological and hydrogeological prospection of the source(s) and further parts of the aqueduct will be carried out. Thirdly, samples will be taken of the tufa, described by L. Siret as further indications for the aqueduct. These will be analysed by different scientific methods: - Investigations of 230Th/U reveal the exact age, as could be shown with a pilot sample, which is dated between 2,627 und 2,601 BC. Investigations from different parts of the aqueduct can reveal the period of time when the aqueduct was filled with water. Samples of possible sources in the surrounding area also will be analysed. - By comparing the trace elements of the carbonates with the hydrochemical parameters of modern groundwaters and thermal waters in the surroundings of Los Millares, it shall be shown, whether in the aqueduct there was flowing groundwater or thermal water. - If it is clear, that the water in the aqueduct was connected to the water cycle then, by the composition of the stable isotopes 13C/12C and 18O/16O, hopefully additional statements about the palaeo-climate in the Copper Age in SE-Spain can be made.

Los Millares，CA的考古遗址。15公里北部的港口阿尔梅里亚在安达卢西亚，是一个最大的已知铜石防御工事的伊比利亚半岛。这个定居点和有70多个坟墓的墓地是在19世纪末由两名采矿工程师路易斯和亨利锡雷特发现的。锡雷特，一个渡槽可以看到从它现在消失的来源领导在一个距离约。从Los Millares定居点到定居点内的一个蓄水池有1公里。L.锡雷特也在各种出版物中描述了这种渡槽。1978年至1991年，A. Arribas帕劳和F. Molina González，格拉纳达大学。今天，我们可以看到供水设施的以下部分：第一道外墙的疑似通道，第一道和第二道墙之间的强烈烧结的石头以及第三和第四道防御墙内的两个疑似水槽。但是，没有明确的考古证据支持锡雷特的理论供水。这项研究的主要目标是提供经验证据，证明在铜器时代，在洛斯米亚雷斯存在着一个巧妙的供水系统，包括一个渡槽和一个或多个附属水源。如有可能，将对水质和气候条件进行补充说明。 首先，将研究Los Millares所在的Rio Andarax流域集水区铜矿时代地下水开采的地质和水文地质条件。其次，将对渡槽的源头和其他部分进行考古和水文地质勘探。第三，将采取样品的石灰华，描述了L。锡雷特作为导水管的进一步指示。这些将通过不同的科学方法进行分析：-230 Th/U的调查揭示了确切的年龄，正如可以用试点样品显示的那样，其日期为公元前2，627和2，601之间。从渡槽的不同部分进行调查可以揭示渡槽充满水的时间段。还将分析周围地区可能来源的样本。- 通过将碳酸盐中的微量元素与Los Millares周围现代地下沃茨和热水沃茨的水化学参数进行比较，可以表明在渡槽中是否存在流动的地下水或热水。- 如果很明显，渡槽中的水与水循环有关，那么通过稳定同位素13 C/12 C和18 O/16 O的组成，希望可以对西班牙东南部铜时代的古气候做出更多的陈述。