Mining archaeology in Montafon, Vorarlberg (Austria)Archeology and history of a mining district in the Central Alps

蒙塔丰矿区取得的成果与东阿尔卑斯主要矿区相比，几乎没有什么意义，至今仍未引起研究人员的注意。仅在对史前定居和采矿历史的新研究过程中，自2002年以来，采矿考古学、地质考古学和考古植物学数据以及科学测年已经产生了丰富的令人印象深刻的结果。值得注意的是，现在有许多中世纪盛期采矿活动的证据，最新的证据是公元11/12世纪在克里斯特贝格山上的Pingenbergbau和Bartholomäberg。1300年左右，在Kristberg山的一次挖掘中发现了非凡的发现和发现，令人印象深刻地提到了采矿的重要性和由此带来的繁荣，最终在Bartholomäberg和Kristberg建立了教堂。自2002年以来，蒙塔丰矿区矿区的新数据清楚地表明，我们构成了该地区早期采矿历史的一颗宝石，远远超出了蒙塔丰矿区早期采矿历史探索的开始，而且远远超出了这一范围。一个特别的重点将是进一步探索青铜和铁器时代史前采矿的不同迹象，这些迹象是最近几年才发展起来的。作为项目申请的一部分，在矿区进行新的考古发掘，应有助于了解这些最古老的采矿痕迹的发展。这是一项重要的任务，目的是重建Bartholomäberg史前定居室的经济背景，以及生计和牲畜。

The mining district in the Montafon achieved in comparison to the major mining districts in the Eastern Alps, hardly no significance and remained so far from the research unnoticed. Only in the course of the new research on the prehistoric settlement and mining history, since 2002 mining archaeology and geoarchaeological and archaeobotanical data together with scientific dating have yielded a wealth of impressive results. Noteworthy are now numerous evidences of the mining activity in the High Middle Ages, the latest with the Pingenbergbau on the Kristberg mountain and on the Bartholomäberg from the 11/12th century AD. The extraordinary discoveries and findings from the period around 1300 from an excavation on the Kristberg mountain, refer impressively the importance of mining and the resulting induced prosperity, finally in the establishment of churches in Bartholomäberg and on the Kristberg.The new data since 2002 from mining sites of the mining district Montafon make it clear, that we constitute a jewel of the early mining history of the region and are far beyond only at the beginning of the exploration of the early history of mining in the Montafon and far beyond.A particular focus will be on further exploration of the different indications of prehistoric mining in the Bronze and Iron Ages, which were developed only in recent years. As part of the project application, new archaeological excavations in mining sites shall help to understand the development of these oldest traces of mining. This is an important task in order to reconstruct the economic background in addition to the subsistence and livestock for the prehistoric settlement chamber at Bartholomäberg.