Interaction of genetic risk and early body mass index changes on neurodevelopmental disorders among Japanese children

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This study aimed to investigate whether the interaction between genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and changes in body mass index (BMI) during infancy (birth to 24 months) affects the severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) traits in Japanese children. The study population comprises 1,258 children from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mother and Child with available follow-up information. The main exposures of interest are (1) changes in BMI between birth and 24 months, and (2) genetic risk for NDDs. The outcomes are: symptoms of ADHD and ASD measured at 6, 8 and 12 years. Data analysis was completed for outcomes assessed at 6 years of age. Also, we conducted follow-up interviews among 422 children aged 12 years.