Magnaporthe oryzae effectors utilized by the fungal plant pathogen to manipulate host resistance responses at different stages of the hemi-biotrophic infection process

真菌植物病原体利用稻瘟病效应子在半生物营养感染过程的不同阶段操纵宿主的抗性反应

• 批准号: 410278620
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ulrich Schaffrath
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/410278620?language=en
• 关键词: Magnaporthe; oryzae; effectors; utilized; fungal

Food securing for an ever growing word population is one of the main global challenges in our century. Generally, crop yield is not only threatened by climate change or natural catastrophes but also by plant pathogens which have the capacity to completely destroy the harvest. Treatments with chemicals to control diseases are expensive and thus not applicable throughout the world and in addition might impact the environment in an unforeseeable fashion. Therefore an ideal way to guarantee reliable harvests would be to provide plants with a genetic constitution to naturally withstand pathogen attack. To generate such smart plants an in-depth knowledge of the molecular requirements of pathogens to cause disease is essential.The proposed project will address this important issue by analyzing the fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. This pathogen is capable to destroy each year rice harvests that otherwise could have feed 60-million people and was ranked as the no. 1 plant pathogen for its scientific/economic importance (Dean et al., 2012). The life-cycle of M. oryzae is rather complicated encompassing different stages in which the fungus initially feed from living host tissue but later-on produces toxins leading to host cell death. This infection strategy is referred to a hemi-biotrophy. Despite roughly 20 years of research, the infection process of the microbe on its host plant is not fully understood at the molecular level. We aimed at closing this gap in an integrated approach encompassing the analyses of all infection stages of the pathogen. This ambitious project will be realized based on the long-standing expertise of the two proposing research labs from Germany and China who will join their forces to fight against a global threat.What is becoming increasingly apparent is the involvement of small molecules, so-called effectors, secreted by pathogens which sabotage the host defense machinery, in making plants accessible for colonization by the pathogen. This is mediated by interaction of the effectors with host proteins necessary for mounting resistance responses. The Schaffrath- and the Zhang-labs both have successfully worked on the discovery and characterization of M. oryzae effectors. So far both have concentrated mostly on particular stages of pathogen development, thereby being able to provide only a snap-shot of the whole effector picture. Aiming at providing the global view, the actual proposal addresses the effectome across all stage of colonization, i.e. penetration, biotrophic and necrotrophic development. This will pave the way to a knowledge-based generation of smart plants.

日益增长的世界人口的粮食安全是我们世纪面临的主要全球性挑战之一。一般来说，作物产量不仅受到气候变化或自然灾害的威胁，而且还受到能够完全破坏收成的植物病原体的威胁。用化学品治疗以控制疾病是昂贵的，因此不适用于全世界，此外可能以不可预见的方式影响环境。因此，保证可靠收获的理想方法是为植物提供自然抵抗病原体攻击的遗传结构。为了培育这种智能植物，深入了解致病病原体的分子要求至关重要。拟议的项目将通过分析真菌植物病原体Magnaporthe pasta来解决这一重要问题。这种病原体能够破坏每年的水稻收成，否则这些收成可以养活6000万人，并且由于其科学/经济重要性而被列为头号植物病原体（Dean et al.，2012年）。对M.米霉菌相当复杂，包括不同的阶段，在这些阶段，真菌最初以活的宿主组织为食，但后来产生毒素，导致宿主细胞死亡。这种感染策略被称为半活体营养。尽管进行了大约20年的研究，但微生物对其宿主植物的感染过程尚未在分子水平上完全了解。我们的目标是在一个综合的方法，包括病原体的所有感染阶段的分析，以缩小这一差距。这一雄心勃勃的项目将在德国和中国的两个研究实验室的长期专业知识的基础上实现，他们将联合起来对抗全球威胁。越来越明显的是，病原体分泌的小分子，即所谓的效应物，破坏了宿主的防御机制，使植物能够被病原体定殖。这是介导的相互作用的效应与宿主蛋白质所必需的安装电阻响应。Schaffrath实验室和Zhang实验室都成功地发现和鉴定了M。双效应器。到目前为止，两者都主要集中在病原体发展的特定阶段，因此只能提供整个效应图片的快照。旨在提供全局视图，实际提案解决了在所有阶段的殖民化，即渗透，活体营养和坏死营养发展的effectome。这将为以知识为基础的智能工厂铺平道路。