A new Elamite archive from Goshtaspi: Agricultural administration in the late Middle-Elamite kingdom (around 1100 BCE)

2009年，在Kohgiluye va Boyer-Ahmad省的Goshtaspi遗址附近发现了楔形文字泥板，现在由Yasuj博物馆收藏。第一项研究表明，这些是埃兰语的文件。其中包括关于牛羊饲养和农业的表格，以及埃兰语的信件。由于文件的格式，密封，词汇，尤其是古文字，新的文本可以被认为是同时代的Tal-i Malyan，埃兰首都Anšan（约公元前1100年），这是由M编辑。Stolper在遗址上发现的陶器支持了这一日期。来自戈什塔斯皮的新文献形成了一个独特的新发现，决定性地扩展了我们对埃兰帝国的了解：1）第一次，中世纪埃兰文献不是来自伟大的皇家中心，而是来自高地，更确切地说，来自伊朗门的重要通道。2)与Tchoga Zambil，Susa或Haft Tepe的文本不同，Goshtaspi文本涉及生计农业，特别是牲畜和谷物的管理。3)通过信件的存在--这是迄今为止在第二个千年中埃兰人信件的唯一证据--以及那里提到的Haltamti“Elam”和Anzan“Anšan”，可以立即清楚地看出，Manlari的地方行政机构，因为这个地方在文本中被称为，与中央埃兰帝国的中心有关。因此，对这一发现进行仔细的编辑，可以深入了解中世纪埃兰时期迄今为止未知的制度网络，国家组织内部的农业管理，以及文字的传播和书面文件的实践。从历史上看，这一时期值得特别关注，因为在12世纪世纪中期，埃兰人与巴比伦历史密切纠缠之后，发生了一个新的方向，即埃兰和伊朗高地。与此同时，新埃兰政府也在此奠定了基础，最终合并为阿契美尼德政府。对这些文件的评估将与有关网络、定居点地理以及畜牧业和农业的考古发现进行交换。

In 2009, cuneiform clay tablets were discovered near the ruins of Goshtaspi in Kohgiluye va Boyer-Ahmad province, which are now in the possession of the Yasuj Museum. A first study shows that these are documents in the Elamite language. They include tables on cattle breeding, both sheep and oxen, as well as agriculture, and letters in the Elamite language. Due to the format of the documents the sealings, the vocabulary and above all the palaeography, the new texts can be considered contemporaneous to those from Tal-i Malyan, the Elamite capital Anšan (dated around 1100 BC), which were edited by M. Stolper. The pottery discovered on the site support this dating. The new documents from Goshtaspi form a unique new discovery that decisively expands our knowledge of the empire of Elam: 1) For the first time Middle Elamite texts do not stem from one of the great royal centres, but from the highlands, more exactly, from the important passage of the Iranian Gate. 2) Unlike the texts from Tchoga Zambil, Susa or Haft Tepe, the Goshtaspi texts deal with subsistence farming, especially the management of livestock and grain. 3) Through the presence of letters - the only evidence of Elamite letters to date already in the 2nd millennium - and there the mention of Haltamti "Elam" and Anzan "Anšan" it becomes immediately clear that the local administration in Manlari, as the place is called in the texts, was connected with the centre of the Central Elamite Empire. A careful edition of this find thus provides essential insights into the hitherto unknown institutional networks in the Middle Elamite period, into the administration of agrigulture within state organisations, and into the dissemination of writing and the practice of written documentation. Historically this period deserves special attention, because after the close entanglement of the Elamite with the Babylonian history up to the middle of the 12th century a new orientation towards Elam and the Iranian highlands took place. At the same time, the foundations are laid here for the New Elamite administration, which ultimately merges into the Achaemenid administration. The evaluation of the documents is to take place in exchange with the archaeological findings on the relevant networks and on settlement geography as well as on cattle breeding and agriculture.