Asyut - centre of ancient trade

艾斯尤特 - 古代贸易中心

• 批准号: 426702318
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jochem Kahl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ägyptologisches Seminar
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/426702318?language=en
• 关键词: Asyut; centre; ancient; trade

Asyut, situated 375 km to the south of Cairo, on midway between two ancient Egyptian capitals Memphis and Thebes, was a political and cultural centre of Middle Egypt since the First Intermediate Period (c. 2100 BCE) at the latest, and remained such to the decline of the Pharaonic epoch. The city formed a part of the cultural memory of Ancient Egypt and also had a highly strategic importance thanks to its location. Moreover, during the Byzantine and Islamic Periods, Asyut played, and still plays, an important superregional role in Christianity. Asyut must also have been an important place on the map of the trade centres that took part in exchange already in the Antiquity. For the Pharaonic Period and Late Antiquity, the role of Asyut as a centre of merchandise became well-defined thanks the most recent research done by the project applicants on Gebel Asyut al-gharbi.The aim of the project is to clarify the role of Asyut as a hub of trade during Pharaonic and Byzantine Periods (i.e. 3rd millennium BCE to 1st millennium CE) as well as to reveal what factors had shaped this trade in particular historical epochs.Four pillars of scholarly activities are planned in the frame of the project i.e. A) fieldwork including a) excavation of the so-called Byzantine building, which could have given access to the Darb el-Arba’in route (the famous Forty Days Road) towards the Western desert; b) surveying three areas on Gebel Asyut al-gharbi: around the Tomb of the Dogs, at geological steps 7 and 8 of the Gebel; c) at Tomb V.B) studying objects: especially pottery, plant and faunal (molluscs) remains and textiles. Planned methodology involves for pottery the formal (typological) analysis, comparative and statistical studies as well as petrographic analysis and chemical tests (GC/MS) that may help to identify various organic substances within a sample extracted from a vessel such as fats (animal and vegetable), wine, resins, etc. As to the textile material, the work assumes identifying raw materials, weaves and decorative patterns, that would allow identification of the type of workshop (domestic/professional, local/imports). Portable technologies such as multispectral imaging (MSI) and fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) might be applied in order to identify the dyes. C) studying Greek and Coptic dipinti on Roman and Byzantine amphorae;D) studying the history of Asyut with a special focus on cultural contact. Information and data concerning Asyut from the 4th Millennium BCE to the end of the 1st millennium CE will be collected and will be combined with the results of the above mentioned case studies.The project will reconstruct the exchange of goods between Asyut and different countries/regions in Europe, Africa and Asia. It will show how closely connected the world was from the 2nd millennium BCE at the latest to the 1st millennium CE.

阿育位于开罗以南375公里处，位于两个古埃及首都孟菲斯和底比斯之间的中途，最迟从第一个中期时期(公元前2100年)起就是埃及中部的政治和文化中心，直到法老时代衰落。这座城市是古埃及文化记忆的一部分，由于其地理位置，也具有高度的战略重要性。此外，在拜占庭和伊斯兰时期，阿育在基督教中扮演着重要的超地区角色，至今仍在发挥着重要作用。在古代已经参与交换的贸易中心的地图上，亚述也一定是一个重要的地方。在法老时期和古代晚期，由于项目申请者对Gebel Asyut al-Gharbi所做的最新研究，Asyut作为商品中心的角色变得非常明确。该项目的目的是阐明Asyut在法老和拜占庭时期(即公元前3世纪到公元前1世纪)作为贸易中心的作用，并揭示在特定历史时期是什么因素影响了这一贸易。在该项目的框架内计划了四个学术活动支柱，即A)实地工作，包括一)对所谓的拜占庭建筑的挖掘，这可能是通往西部沙漠的Darbel-Arba‘in路线(著名的40天路)的通道；B)调查Gebel Asyut al-Gharbi上的三个区域：在Gebel的地质步骤7和8处的狗墓周围；c)在五.b)研究对象：特别是陶器、植物和动物(软体动物)遗骸和纺织品。计划中的方法包括对陶器进行正式的(类型学)分析、比较和统计研究以及岩相分析和化学测试(GC/MS)，这可能有助于识别从器皿中提取的样品中的各种有机物质，如脂肪(动物和植物)、葡萄酒、树脂等。关于纺织材料，这项工作假定可以识别原材料、编织和装饰图案，从而能够识别作坊的类型(国内/专业、本地/进口)。可应用多光谱成像(MSI)和光纤反射光谱(FORS)等便携式技术来鉴定染料。C)研究关于罗马和拜占庭两栖动物的希腊语和科普特Dipinti；d)研究阿育特人的历史，特别注重文化接触。将收集从公元前四千年到公元前一千年结束期间有关阿育特的信息和数据，并将与上述案例研究的结果相结合。该项目将重建阿育特与欧洲、非洲和亚洲不同国家/地区之间的货物交换。它将展示从最晚的公元前2千年到公元前1世纪，世界是多么紧密地联系在一起。