The ancient necropolis of Asyut: documentation and interpretation

艾斯尤特古代墓地：文献记录和解释

• 批准号: 49414568
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jochem Kahl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Ägyptologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/49414568?language=en
• 关键词: ancient; necropolis; Asyut; documentation; interpretation

Asyut, a city in Middle Egypt roughly 375 km south of modern Cairo, has been a regional center from the Old Kingdom at the latest all the way up to the Roman Period. Its beginnings can be traced back into the 4th millennium BCE. The ancient city is almost completely lost under the strata of the alluvial plain, which is in turn covered by the rapidly growing modern city. Accordingly, archaeological evidence for the ancient city of Asyut is scarce. In contrast to the city itself, the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, a limestone mountain located to the west of Asyut at the edge of the Libyan Desert, provides far more information on ancient Asyut. In antiquity, the mountain served as a necropolis for the inhabitants of Asyut, high officials among them, as well as for sacred animals. In addition to this, several areas of the mountain were exploited as a quarry. Christian anchorites lived on the mountain during the First Millennium and monasteries were erected on Gebel Asyut al-gharbi. Three objectives of the project deserve to be mentioned in particular: 1. The documentation of individual architectonic structures (tombs and monasteries), inscriptions, decoration, and finds recovered at Gebel Asyut al-gharbi (e. g. the tomb of the gouverneur Djefai-Hapi I., which is the largest Middle Kingdom tomb of a non-royal person; or, the Tomb of the Dogs, a large burial site for canids, which houses thousands upon thousands of dead animals). 2. The identification of several functions the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi has fulfilled, and the examination of the changes these functions underwent over the centuries (e. g. the 11th Dynasty nomarch's tomb N13.1, which was visited by educated people during the New Kingdom, in addition, the tomb was used as a place for praying during the Islamic Period; or, the remains of a New Kingdom temple overbuilt by a Late Roman settlement). 3. The information gathered from and about Gebel Asyut al-gharbi is to provide new and improved knowledge on the archaeologically inaccessible city. In this context, the specific regional characteristics of Asyut are of particular importance.

阿苏特是埃及中部的一个城市，位于现代开罗以南约375公里处，从古王国时期一直到罗马时期都是一个地区中心。它的起源可以追溯到公元前4千年。这座古城几乎完全消失在冲积平原的地层中，而冲积平原又被迅速发展的现代城市所覆盖。因此，阿苏特古城的考古证据很少。 与城市本身形成对比的是Gebel阿苏特al-gharbi，一座位于利比亚沙漠边缘阿苏特以西的石灰岩山，它提供了更多关于古代阿苏特的信息。在古代，这座山是阿苏特居民和高级官员的墓地，也是神圣动物的墓地。除此之外，这座山的几个地区被用作采石场。公元前一千年，基督徒定居在山上，在Gebel阿苏特al-gharbi建立了修道院。该项目的三个目标值得特别提及：1.在Gebel阿苏特al-gharbi（e. G. gouverneur Djefai-Hapi I.的坟墓，这是一个最大的中央王国坟墓的非皇室人士;或，狗墓，一个大型的犬科动物墓地，其中房屋成千上万的动物尸体）。2.确定几个功能的Gebel阿苏特al-gharbi已经完成，并检查这些功能的变化经历了几个世纪（e。G.第11王朝nomarch墓N13.1，这是由受过教育的人在新王国参观，此外，墓被用作一个地方祈祷在伊斯兰时期;或，新王国寺庙的遗迹过度建设的晚期罗马定居点）。3.从Gebel阿苏特al-gharbi收集到的信息将为这座考古学上无法进入的城市提供新的和更好的知识。在这方面，阿苏特的具体区域特点特别重要。