Composition and change of Imperial Diet Members

本文是对大日本皇室宪法下国会众议院全体议员的社会构成和变化的研究。这是通过调查他们的职业背景来完成的，比如教育等。研究发现如下：1.在早期帝王饮食中，超过一半的国会议员来自地主，他们经营着各种行业，如农业、林业、畜牧业、蚕丝业和酿酒业。2.在政党组织方面，战前政党与战后政党在职务等级制度上存在着巨大的差异。前者非常简单。另一方面，后者则更为复杂，这意味着战后政党应该在变化或政治体制下发挥更大的作用。3.考察战前国会议员与利益集团的关系，发现一些来自利益集团的议员承担了利益集团的官员，从这个意义上说，他们是代表自己利益的利益代言人。然而，从1936年左右开始，一种不同类型的代言人开始出现在舞台上。他们不是来自他们所从事的行业，但他们曾经或曾经从事过律师或记者的职业，扮演利益集团官员的角色，或者在进入国会之前，除了利益集团官员之外，没有任何其他职业。这也将意味着高级政治家开始出现。4.国会议员和地方协会的办公室之间有很深的关系。他们在当地社会中担任各种职务，发挥着政治家的积极作用，因为他们在社区中享有很高的声誉。

This is a research on the social composition and change of all members of the House of Representatives in ImperiaI Diet under Great Japanese Imperial Constitution. It was done by investigating their career background such as education, and so forth. Some of the findings are as follows.I.In early Imperial Diet more than half the Dietmen were from landowners who ran various industry, like agriculture, forestry, live stock farming business, sericulture business, and brewing business. Other than these primary industries they invested in bank business especially.2.As for the organization of political party, there was a tremedous difference in terms of job-ranking system between prewar parties and postwar parties. The former was extremely simpIe. on the other hand the latter complicated.It would mean that the political parties after the war should have come to carry out big roles under the change or political system.3.The examination of relations with interest groups of prewar members of the Diet shows that some members coming from interest groups undertook officers of the groups, in this sense they were profit spokesmen representing their own interest. However, a different type of spokesmen began to appear on the stage from around l936 on. They were not from the industry in which they were in by trade, but they had been or were from such occupation as lawyer or journalist playing a role of officer of interest groups, or they had not have any other occupation other than officer of interest groups before entering the Diet. This would also mean that prefessinaI politicians began to emerge.4.There was a deep relation between the Dietmen and the offices of local associations. They engaged in various kind of offices in the local community, and playd an active role as a politician, because they were men of high reputation in the community.