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Composition and change of Imperial Diet Members

帝国国会议员的构成及变动

基本信息

批准号：
04451046
负责人：
AOKI Yasuhiro
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Doshisha University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This is a research on the social composition and change of all members of the House of Representatives in ImperiaI Diet under Great Japanese Imperial Constitution. It was done by investigating their career background such as education, and so forth. Some of the findings are as follows.I.In early Imperial Diet more than half the Dietmen were from landowners who ran various industry, like agriculture, forestry, live stock farming business, sericulture business, and brewing business. Other than these primary industries they invested in bank business especially.2.As for the organization of political party, there was a tremedous difference in terms of job-ranking system between prewar parties and postwar parties. The former was extremely simpIe. on the other hand the latter complicated.It would mean that the political parties after the war should have come to carry out big roles under the change or political system.3.The examination of relations with interest groups of prewar members of the Diet shows that some members coming from interest groups undertook officers of the groups, in this sense they were profit spokesmen representing their own interest. However, a different type of spokesmen began to appear on the stage from around l936 on. They were not from the industry in which they were in by trade, but they had been or were from such occupation as lawyer or journalist playing a role of officer of interest groups, or they had not have any other occupation other than officer of interest groups before entering the Diet. This would also mean that prefessinaI politicians began to emerge.4.There was a deep relation between the Dietmen and the offices of local associations. They engaged in various kind of offices in the local community, and playd an active role as a politician, because they were men of high reputation in the community.

这是对大日本帝国宪法下帝国国会众议院全体议员的社会构成及其变迁的研究。这是通过调查他们的职业背景（例如教育程度等）来完成的。部分研究结果如下：一、在早期的帝国议会中，超过一半的议员来自地主，他们经营农业、林业、畜牧业、蚕桑业和酿酒业等多种行业。除这些第一产业外，他们还特别投资银行业务。2、在政党组织方面，战前政党与战后政党在职级制度上存在很大差异。前者非常简单。 3.考察战前国会议员与利益集团的关系表明，一些来自利益集团的议员担任了该集团的官员，从这个意义上说，他们是代表自身利益的利益代言人。然而，从1936年左右开始，不同类型的代言人开始出现在舞台上。他们并非来自所从事的行业，但曾经或曾经担任过担任利益集团官员的律师或记者等职业，或者在进入国会之前没有担任过利益集团官员以外的任何其他职业。这也意味着专业政治家开始出现。4.国会议员与地方协会办公室之间有着深厚的关系。他们在当地社区担任各种职务，并作为政治家发挥着积极的作用，因为他们在社区中享有很高的声誉。