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Composition and change of Imperial Diet Members

帝国国会议员的构成及变动

基本信息

批准号：
04451046
负责人：
AOKI Yasuhiro
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Doshisha University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This is a research on the social composition and change of all members of the House of Representatives in ImperiaI Diet under Great Japanese Imperial Constitution. It was done by investigating their career background such as education, and so forth. Some of the findings are as follows.I.In early Imperial Diet more than half the Dietmen were from landowners who ran various industry, like agriculture, forestry, live stock farming business, sericulture business, and brewing business. Other than these primary industries they invested in bank business especially.2.As for the organization of political party, there was a tremedous difference in terms of job-ranking system between prewar parties and postwar parties. The former was extremely simpIe. on the other hand the latter complicated.It would mean that the political parties after the war should have come to carry out big roles under the change or political system.3.The examination of relations with interest groups of prewar members of the Diet shows that some members coming from interest groups undertook officers of the groups, in this sense they were profit spokesmen representing their own interest. However, a different type of spokesmen began to appear on the stage from around l936 on. They were not from the industry in which they were in by trade, but they had been or were from such occupation as lawyer or journalist playing a role of officer of interest groups, or they had not have any other occupation other than officer of interest groups before entering the Diet. This would also mean that prefessinaI politicians began to emerge.4.There was a deep relation between the Dietmen and the offices of local associations. They engaged in various kind of offices in the local community, and playd an active role as a politician, because they were men of high reputation in the community.

本研究是对大日本帝国宪法下帝国议会中所有众议员的社会构成和变化的研究。这是通过调查他们的职业背景，如教育等来完成的。一些发现如下：1 .在早期的帝国饮食中，超过一半的饮食者来自经营各种行业的土地所有者，如农业、林业、牲畜养殖业、蚕桑业和酿酒业。除了这些初级产业，他们还特别投资银行业务。在政党组织方面，战前政党和战后政党在职务等级制度方面存在巨大差异。前者极其简单。另一方面，后者使问题复杂化。这意味着战后的政党应该在政治制度的变革中发挥更大的作用。对战前国会议员与利益集团关系的考察表明，一些来自利益集团的议员担任了集团的官员，从这个意义上说，他们是代表自己利益的利益代言人。然而，从1936年左右开始，一种不同类型的发言人开始出现在舞台上。他们不是来自他们所从事的行业，但他们曾经或正在从事律师或记者等职业，扮演利益集团官员的角色，或者他们在进入国会之前除了利益集团官员之外没有任何其他职业。这也意味着职业政治家开始出现。国会议员和地方协会的办事处之间有很深的关系。他们在当地社区担任各种职务，并作为政治家发挥积极作用，因为他们在社区中享有很高的声誉。