STUDIES ON THE USEFULNESS OF SALIVA TO DETECT ANTIBODIES AGAINST HIV IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEACH

在流行病学研究中，血液标本的采集存在以下缺点：操作过程痛苦、需要经过医学培训的人员和一次性无菌注射器。为探讨唾液对HIV-1感染者筛查的潜在价值，我们收集了我院艾滋病门诊32例HIV-1阳性患者和9例健康对照者的血清和唾液。在第一次采样后8个月内定期从血清阳性者进行多次唾液收集。用巴斯德诊断试剂盒（ELAVIA MIXT和LAV Blot-1）对血清和唾液进行ELISA和Western Blot（WB）检测，对照组血清和唾液均为阴性，32份血清阳性患者血清和30份唾液标本均为阳性，但1份唾液标本OD值低于正常对照组。 关于我们 e截止电平。然而，在后续研究中，在第一次采样后从同一个人身上采集的样本显示出阳性结果。来自血清阳性的30份唾液样品用于WB测试。在21份样品中观察到明显的阳性条带。在其余9份样品中，尽管在GP-160处观察到强反应性条带，但最终判定为“不确定”。本研究建立了一种检测唾液中单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）抗体的灵敏度较高的ELISA方法（ABC-ELISA），并对健康学生和洗浴女工进行了检测。对213名健康护士学生和191名洗浴女工进行了唾液标本采集。唾液标本按1：10稀释后进行ABC-ELISA检测，抗人IgG生物素化抗体和抗生物素蛋白生物素复合物购自Vector（Burlingame，Calif. U. S. A），澡堂女工唾液中HSV抗体阳性率分别为84.3%（161/191，'92-survey）和94.9%（129/136，' 94-survey）。1992年调查中，20-29岁年龄组HSV抗体阳性率为65%，30-39岁年龄组为89%，40岁年龄组为94%。年龄最小的洗浴工组唾液中HSV抗体阳性率显著高于护生组（43.5%）。从HSV感染率资料可以看出，洗浴人员是HSV传播的高危人群。虽然唾液ABC-ELISA检测HSV抗体的灵敏度有待提高，但上述结果提示唾液检测HSV抗体在流行病学研究中是有用的。少

Collection of blood specimens in epidemiological studies has disadvantages that is the procedure with painful, requirement of medically trained personnel and the sterilized disposable syringes. It has been reported that antibodies to HIV-1 could be detected in saliva of patients with AIDS.We studied whether saliva is potentially useful for screening of HIV-1 infected person.Pairs of serum and saliva were collected from both 32 HIV-1 seropositive outpatients of AIDS clinic in our hospital and 9 controls. Multiple saliva collection was done from seropositives periodically for 8 months after the first sampling. Serum and saliva were tested with ELISA and Western blot (WB) methods by using kits of Diagnostics Pasteur (ELAVIA MIXT and LAV Blot-1).All pairs of serum and saliva from controls were clearly negative by ELISA.Thirty-two sera of proven seropositive cases and paired 30 saliva samples were confirmed to be positive in ELISA test employed, but O.D.value of 1 saliva sample was below th … More e cut-off level. However, in the follow-up study, samples taken from the same individuals after the first sampling showed positive results. Thirty saliva samples from seropositives were served for the WB test. Clearly positive bands were observed in 21 samples. In each of the remaining 9 samples, the final decision was "indeterminate" , although a strong reactive band was observed at GP-160. The results mentioned above suggested that saliva was useful for screening of antibodies to HIV-1 in epidemiological studies, though it is necessary to improve the sensitivity of ELISA and WB for tests of saliva.We established a sensitive ELISA method (ABC-ELISA) to detect the antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV) in saliva, and observed the prevalence among healthy students and female bath-house workers. Specimens of saliva were collected from 213 healthy students of nurse school, and 191 female bath-house workers. Saliva specimens were diluted 1 : 10 for ABC-ELISA.The biotinylated antibody against human lgG and avidin biotin complex were purchased from Vector (Burlingame, Calif.U.S.A).The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among female bath-house workers was 84.3% (161/191, `92-survey) and 94.9%(129/136, `94-survey). The positive rates of HSV antibody by age were 65% in the 20-29 age group, 89% in the 30-39 age group and 94% in the *40 age group in `92-survey. The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among the youngest bath-house worker group was significantly higher than that of nurse students (43.5%). It can be considerable from the data on HSV prevalence that the bath-house workers in high risk group on HSV transmission. Though it is necessary to improve sensitivity of ABC-ELISA method for testing of saliva, the mentioned results suggested that saliva was useful for detection of antibodies to HSV in epidemiological studies. Less