STUDIES ON THE USEFULNESS OF SALIVA TO DETECT ANTIBODIES AGAINST HIV IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEACH

流行病学研究中采集血液标本的缺点是程序痛苦，需要经过医学培训的人员和消毒的一次性注射器。为探讨唾液是否可用于HIV-1感染者的筛查，收集了本院艾滋病门诊32例HIV-1阳性患者和9例正常对照的血清和唾液标本。在第一次采样后8个月内定期采集血清阳性者的多次唾液。用巴斯德试剂盒(Elavia Mixt和LAV Blot-1)检测血清和唾液，用Elavia Mixt和LAV Blot-1试剂盒检测血清和唾液。用Elavia Mixt和LAV Blot-1试剂盒检测对照血清和唾液均为阴性。用Elavia Mixt和LAV Blot-1试剂盒检测32份血清阳性病例和30份唾液标本，但有1份唾液样本的OD值低于…更多的e分界线水平。然而，在后续研究中，在第一次抽样后从相同个人身上提取的样本显示出阳性结果。来自血清阳性者的30份唾液样本用于WB测试。21例标本中有明显的阳性条带。在剩下的9个样品中，每个样品的最终决定都是“不确定的”，尽管在GP-160处观察到了一个强烈的反应带。上述结果提示，唾液可用于HIV-1抗体的筛查，但仍需提高检测唾液的敏感性。建立了检测唾液中单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)抗体的敏感的酶联免疫吸附试验(ABC-ELISA)方法，并观察了健康学生和女卫生院从业人员中HSV抗体的流行情况。采集213名护校健康学生和191名女卫生间从业人员的唾液标本。唾液标本1：10稀释ABC-ELISA。抗人IgG生物素抗体和抗生物素生物素复合体购自美国加利福尼亚州伯灵格姆。洗浴女工唾液中HSV抗体阳性率分别为84.3%(161/191，92次调查)和94.9%(129/136，94次调查)。92年度调查中，20~29岁年龄组、30~39岁年龄组和40岁以下年龄组HSV抗体阳性率分别为65%、89%和94%。最年轻的浴室从业人员唾液中HSV抗体阳性率显著高于护生(43.5%)。从单纯疱疹病毒流行情况来看，浴室从业人员是单纯疱疹病毒传播的高危人群。虽然ABC-ELISA法检测唾液的灵敏度有待提高，但上述结果提示唾液可用于HSV抗体的检测。较少

Collection of blood specimens in epidemiological studies has disadvantages that is the procedure with painful, requirement of medically trained personnel and the sterilized disposable syringes. It has been reported that antibodies to HIV-1 could be detected in saliva of patients with AIDS.We studied whether saliva is potentially useful for screening of HIV-1 infected person.Pairs of serum and saliva were collected from both 32 HIV-1 seropositive outpatients of AIDS clinic in our hospital and 9 controls. Multiple saliva collection was done from seropositives periodically for 8 months after the first sampling. Serum and saliva were tested with ELISA and Western blot (WB) methods by using kits of Diagnostics Pasteur (ELAVIA MIXT and LAV Blot-1).All pairs of serum and saliva from controls were clearly negative by ELISA.Thirty-two sera of proven seropositive cases and paired 30 saliva samples were confirmed to be positive in ELISA test employed, but O.D.value of 1 saliva sample was below th … More e cut-off level. However, in the follow-up study, samples taken from the same individuals after the first sampling showed positive results. Thirty saliva samples from seropositives were served for the WB test. Clearly positive bands were observed in 21 samples. In each of the remaining 9 samples, the final decision was "indeterminate" , although a strong reactive band was observed at GP-160. The results mentioned above suggested that saliva was useful for screening of antibodies to HIV-1 in epidemiological studies, though it is necessary to improve the sensitivity of ELISA and WB for tests of saliva.We established a sensitive ELISA method (ABC-ELISA) to detect the antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV) in saliva, and observed the prevalence among healthy students and female bath-house workers. Specimens of saliva were collected from 213 healthy students of nurse school, and 191 female bath-house workers. Saliva specimens were diluted 1 : 10 for ABC-ELISA.The biotinylated antibody against human lgG and avidin biotin complex were purchased from Vector (Burlingame, Calif.U.S.A).The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among female bath-house workers was 84.3% (161/191, `92-survey) and 94.9%(129/136, `94-survey). The positive rates of HSV antibody by age were 65% in the 20-29 age group, 89% in the 30-39 age group and 94% in the *40 age group in `92-survey. The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among the youngest bath-house worker group was significantly higher than that of nurse students (43.5%). It can be considerable from the data on HSV prevalence that the bath-house workers in high risk group on HSV transmission. Though it is necessary to improve sensitivity of ABC-ELISA method for testing of saliva, the mentioned results suggested that saliva was useful for detection of antibodies to HSV in epidemiological studies. Less