Epidemiologic survey of actual situation of HIV/AIDS in Cambodia

1995年12月和1996年3月，我们访问了柬埔寨进行艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病学研究的公共和私营机构，获得了有关艾滋病患者和艾滋病毒感染者以及CSW（商业性工作者）行为流行病学的信息。1995年，柬埔寨报告的艾滋病和艾滋病毒感染的累计人数分别为86人和2 536人。感染原因以异性性接触为主，注射吸毒及其他原因极少。1995年金边市献血者HIV抗体阳性率从1991年的0.08%迅速上升到4.47%，暗娼人群HIV抗体阳性率平均为30%（43-14%），孕妇HIV抗体阳性率平均为2.6%（4.4-1.5%）。暗娼平均安全套使用率为66%，但经常使用率仅为14%。这些调查结果将于1997年5月发表。1996年6月、11月和1997年3月，我们在柬埔寨卫生部艾滋病办公室的协助下，访问了柬埔寨，制定了新设计的CSW行为调查计划。最后，研究设计确定如下：调查对象为600人，包括200名直接CSW，200名间接CSW和200名上述CSW的客户，在金边郊区的五个不同地区。编制了两份不同的问卷，一份针对CSW，另一份针对CSW的客户，每个问卷包括18个项目。这项调查是由柬埔寨卫生部门的工作人员于1996年12月至1997年1月进行的。目前正在对结果进行分析，并将在1997年的下一阶段研究中报告。

In December 1995 and March 1996, we visited the public and private institutes which were conducting epidemiological studies of HIV/AIDS in Cambodia, and obtained informations related to AIDS patients and HIV infected persons and behavioral epidemiology of CSWs (Commercial Sex Workers). The cumulative reported number of AIDS and HIV infection in Cambodia was 86 and 2,536 cases respectively in 1995. The cause of infection was mostly heterosexual contact but very few of injecting drug use (IDU) and the other causes. The seroprevalence rate of HIV antibody among donated blood rapidly increased from 0.08% in 1991 to 4.47% in 1995, and those among CSWs was averagely 30% (43-14%) and 2.6% (4.4-1.5%) among pregnant women in Phnom Pehn in 1995. The average rate of condom use among CSWs was 66%, but the rate of usual usage was only 14%. These findings are to be published in May 1997. In June and November 1996 and March 1997, we visited Cambodia to make the plan of the newly designed behavioral survey among CSWs with collaboration of AIDS Office of Cambodian Ministry of Health. Finally, the study design was determined as follows : the subjects of survey are 600 persons including 200 direct CSWs, 200 indirect CSWs and 200 clients of the above mentioned CSWs, in five distinct areas in the suburb of Phnom Pehn. Two different questionnaires were prepared, one for CSWs and the other for clients of CSWs including 18 items for each. The survey had been conducted between December 1996 and January 1997 by Cambodian health setting personnels. The results are being analyzed right now, and will be reported in the next phase of the study in 1997.