Biochemical functions and metabolisms of D-amino acid

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We aimed to clarify de novo synthesis of D-amino acids in higher plants and animals, distribution of D-amino acids in various tissues and organs, relationship between D-amino acids and peroxisome metabolism, dynamics of D-amino acids in D-amino acid oxidase-deficient mice, change in activities if D-amino acid synthesizing enzymes, relationship between the activities of these enzymes and distribution of D-amino acids, significance of D-amino acid components in lipopetides containing D-amino acids, mechanism of molecular recognition of D-amino acids by the enzymes participating in D-amino acid metabolism, methods of specific analysis of D-amino acids with the enzymes, mechanism of D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase. We obtained the following results. We have clarified the function of alanine racemase occurring in mitochondria of pea seedlings. Distribution of D-aspartate and D-glutamate in various tissues of mammals and birds was also clarified. The function of enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of D-aspartate in peptides was also studied. We demonstrated a route of biosynthesis of oxalic acid through thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid and thiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid in rats. Mechanisms of formation of D-amino acid components of peptides were also clarified. We also demonstrated biochemical mechanisms of urinary secretion of D-serine by D-amino acid oxidase-deficient mice. We designed and synthesized new peptides acting as biosurfactants based on structure-function relationship of arthrofactin. We studied enzymological properties and application of enzymes catalyzing dehydrogenation of D-threonine and D-phenylserine, hydrolysis of 5-substituted hydantoins and N-acyl D-amino acids. The tertiary structure of D-amino acid oxidase was clarified.