Developmental Study on Curriculum and Teaching Method for Development of Practical Abilities in Science Education

科学教育实践能力培养课程与教学方法的发展研究

• 批准号: 62450090
• 负责人: KOJIMA Shigeo
• 金额: $ 2.88万
• 依托单位: National Institute for Educational Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62450090/
• 关键词: Science Education; Experiment; Observation; Practical Test; Curriculum

Two curricula for this study (Plan A: induction-oriented, Plan B: deduction-oriented) were made in cooperation with co-workers in five prefectural centers for educational research and elementary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools. The topics of lessons were 'The function of a lever' for the 5th graders in elementary level, 'Generation of hear by an electric current' for the 2nd graders in lower secondary level, and 'Work' for the 1st graders in upper secondary level. Science lessons based on plan A and B were given at the experimental schools in four districts (Iwate, Gifu, Okayama, Hiroshima). After the lessons, students were examined on the practical abilities, science knowledge, scientific attitude, understanding of science, etc.The main results are as follows; 1. In comparisons of practical tests and science tests between plan A and B, at all levels, there are many items in which the scores of students on plan A are higher than the ones on plan B. 2. Particularly, at lower secondary level, there is a tendency that deduction-oriented plan B has more effect on the students with high achievement, and induction-oriented plan A has more effect on the students with low achievement.

与五个都道府县教育研究中心和小学、初中和高中的合作者合作，为这项研究编制了两个课程（计划A：引导型，计划B：演绎型）。课程主题为：小学五年级学生“杠杆的功能”，初中二年级学生"电流产生听觉“，高中一年级学生”工作“。在四个区（岩手、岐阜、冈山、广岛）的实验学校，根据计划A和B讲授科学课。课后对学生的实践能力、科学知识、科学态度、科学理解等方面进行了考查。在A、B两种方案的实践测试和理科测试的比较中，在各个层次上，A方案学生的成绩都高于B方案学生的成绩。2.特别是在初中阶段，演绎导向的方案B对成绩高的学生的影响更大，而归纳导向的方案A对成绩低的学生的影响更大。