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International Comparative Study on Practical Activities in Science Education

科学教育实践活动的国际比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
58410016
负责人：
KOJIMA Shigeo
金额：
$ 9.92万
依托单位：
National Institute for Educational Policy Research
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1983
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1983 至 1985
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58410016/
关键词：
Science Education Practical Ability Evaluation Performance Test

项目摘要

The instruments used on this study are the tests of process exercises, the science tests, the tests of understanding science and the questionnaires. The subjects are 346 elementary school pupils, 370 juniorhigh school students and 368 high school students selected from nine districts (Hokkai-do, Iwate, Tokyo, Aichi, Fukui, Gifu, Okayama, Kagawa and Fukuoka).The main results are as follows:1. At the elementary school level, the items of process exercises with low scores are (1) estimation of length and weight (2) assembling an electric circuit and (5) reaction of limestone and hydrochloric acid, and presumption of the shape of fossil. At the junior-high school level, the score of estimation of length in the item (1) becomes higher than the one at the elementary school level. At the high school level the scores of the items (1) and (5) are low.2. In comparison of the scores of process exercises at the elementary, junior-high and high school levels, the differences of many subitems of tests are 5% or more.3. In the international comparison of process exercises on the Second International Science Study, though the score of science tests of Japan is the highest among Japan, Hungary and Singapore, the score of process exercises is the lowest. Particularly, the scores of the items about observation, measurement and construction are almost as same as the ones of the other two countries, but the scores of the items about inference, hypothesizing and drawing a conclusion are much lower than the ones of the other two countries.4. There is a tendency that the correlation between the score of process exercises and the score of science tests becomes large as the school level advances.

本研究使用的工具是过程练习测试、科学测试、理解科学测试和问卷。研究对象是从九个地区（北海道、岩手县、东京、爱知县、福井县、岐阜县、冈山县、香川县、福冈县）选取的346名小学生、370名初中生和368名高中生。主要结果如下： 1．小学阶段，分数较低的过程练习项目是（1）长度和重量的估计（2）组装电路和（5）石灰石和盐酸的反应以及化石形状的推测。在初中阶段，第(1)项的长度估计得分变得高于小学阶段的得分。在高中阶段，第（1）和（5）项得分较低。2．小学、初中、高中三个阶段的过程练习成绩比较，很多考试分项的差异都在5%以上。 3．在第二次国际科学研究的过程练习的国际比较中，虽然日本的科学测试分数在日本、匈牙利和新加坡中最高，但过程练习的分数却是最低的。其中，观察、测量、建构等项目的得分与其他两国相差无几，但推理、假设、得出结论等项目的得分却远低于其他两国。 4．随着学校水平的提高，过程练习的分数和科学测试的分数之间的相关性有变大的趋势。