Mechanism of cognition of environment, place and time by hippocampus and amygdala.

提示海马结构（HIP）参与空间、时间和事件的认知和再认。为了研究这些功能的神经元机制，我们记录了猴子HIP中的单个神经元活动，同时猴子坐在一个可移动的装置中，该装置可以在实验室内从一个位置移动到另一个位置（实验1）;当猴子从房间的各个地方被呈现各种视觉和/或听觉刺激时（实验2），或者当猴子执行操作性喂养，饮水和主动回避任务时，再加上不熟悉的物体或具有积极（奖励）或消极（奖励）的物体的呈现，在实验1和2中：（1）当猴子处于特定位置时，一些神经元的反应最大。(2)一些神经元对来自某些方向的刺激做出反应，这些方向以非自我中心或自我中心的坐标描述，而不管猴子的位置。(3)实验3中：（1）有些神经元对熟悉的奖励性或厌恶性物体有强烈的反应，这种反应不会被逆转或消失所消除。(2)有些神经元只对一种物体有选择性地作出反应。(3)这些结果表明：（1）HIP参与了动物对环境中的位置和空间线索的编码;（2）HIP参与了对物体过去意义的保存和对熟悉物体和陌生物体的辨别。

It is suggested that the hippocampal formation (HIP) is involved in cognition and recognition of space, time and events. To investigate neuronal mechanisms of these functions, we recorded single neuron activity in the monkey HIP while the monkey sat in a movable device which it could cause to move from one location to another within an experimental room (experiment .1); while the monkey was presented various visual and/or auditory stimuli from various places in the room (experiment 2), or while the monkey performed operant feeding, drinking and active, avoidance tasks coupled to the presentation of unfamiliar objects or objects having positive (reward) or negative (aversion) association (experiment 3).In experiments 1 and 2: (1) Some neurons responded maximally when the monkey was situated in a specific location. (2) Some neurons responded to stimuli presented from certain directions described in either allocentric or egocentric coordinates regardless of the monkey's location. (3) Some neurons responded to stimuli from certain directions described in either allocentric or egocentric coordinates only while the monkey was in a specific location.In experiment 3: (1) Some neurons responded strongly to familiar rewarding or aversive objects, and this responsiveness was not extinguished by reversal or extinction. (2) Some neurons responded selectively to only one object. (3) Some neurons responded strongly to unfamiliar objects but habituated after a few presentations of same object.Our results suggest that (1) the HIP is involved in the coding of an animal's location, and spatial cues in the environment; and (2) the HIP is involved in the preservation of past meaning of an object and discrimination of unfamiliar from familiar for object recognition.