Mechanism of cognition of environment, place and time by hippocampus and amygdala.

提示海马体形成（HIP）参与对空间、时间和事件的认知和识别。为了研究这些功能的神经元机制，我们记录了猴子HIP中单个神经元的活动，而猴子坐在一个可移动的装置中，它可以在实验室内从一个位置移动到另一个位置（实验1）；当猴子在房间的不同地方被呈现各种视觉和/或听觉刺激时（实验2），或者当猴子在进行操作性喂食、饮水和主动回避任务时，同时呈现不熟悉的物体或具有积极（奖励）或消极（厌恶）关联的物体（实验3）。在实验1和2中：(1)当猴子处于特定位置时，某些神经元的反应最大。(2)一些神经元对来自特定方向的刺激作出反应，这些方向以异中心坐标或自我中心坐标描述，而与猴子的位置无关。(3)某些神经元仅在猴子处于特定位置时才对来自异中心或自我中心坐标的特定方向的刺激产生反应。实验3:(1)部分神经元对熟悉的有益或厌恶的客体有强烈的反应，且这种反应不因逆转或消退而消失。(2)一些神经元选择性地只对一个物体作出反应。(3)部分神经元对不熟悉的物体有强烈的反应，但对相同的物体出现几次后就习惯了。我们的研究结果表明：(1)髋部参与了动物在环境中的位置和空间线索的编码；(2) HIP参与了物体过去意义的保存和物体识别中熟悉和不熟悉的区分。

It is suggested that the hippocampal formation (HIP) is involved in cognition and recognition of space, time and events. To investigate neuronal mechanisms of these functions, we recorded single neuron activity in the monkey HIP while the monkey sat in a movable device which it could cause to move from one location to another within an experimental room (experiment .1); while the monkey was presented various visual and/or auditory stimuli from various places in the room (experiment 2), or while the monkey performed operant feeding, drinking and active, avoidance tasks coupled to the presentation of unfamiliar objects or objects having positive (reward) or negative (aversion) association (experiment 3).In experiments 1 and 2: (1) Some neurons responded maximally when the monkey was situated in a specific location. (2) Some neurons responded to stimuli presented from certain directions described in either allocentric or egocentric coordinates regardless of the monkey's location. (3) Some neurons responded to stimuli from certain directions described in either allocentric or egocentric coordinates only while the monkey was in a specific location.In experiment 3: (1) Some neurons responded strongly to familiar rewarding or aversive objects, and this responsiveness was not extinguished by reversal or extinction. (2) Some neurons responded selectively to only one object. (3) Some neurons responded strongly to unfamiliar objects but habituated after a few presentations of same object.Our results suggest that (1) the HIP is involved in the coding of an animal's location, and spatial cues in the environment; and (2) the HIP is involved in the preservation of past meaning of an object and discrimination of unfamiliar from familiar for object recognition.