Behavioral, cellular and molecular bases of emotional, menemonic, and immune functions in the limbic-hypothalamic system

1.边缘系统情绪的神经机制大鼠在辨别有无奖赏和厌恶的条件性感觉刺激时，记录到丘脑内侧背侧核(MID)和扣带回前部(AC)的神经元活动。在MD中，大多数神经元具有多峰反应，并对条件刺激有所区别。在AC中，差异条件刺激相关神经元主要位于AC的吻部和腹侧部，其他AC神经元主要在ICSS和/或摄取蔗糖(摄取/ICSS相关神经元)时作出反应，并位于AC的更后部。空间导航的神经机制当一只猴子通过驾驶驾驶室(真实易位任务)或在监视器上自由移动指针(vi…)在实验场中自由导航时，记录到猴子海马区(HF)神经元更实际的移动任务)通过操纵操纵杆。一些HF神经元具有任务依赖的位置场，在实验场和/或监视器上的特定区域显示出活动增加。这些结果表明，高频可以编码不同的参考帧，这些参考帧与上下文或任务相关。这可能是情景记忆的神经基础。慢性应激时，下丘脑内侧视前区(MPOA)和下丘脑内侧区(MHA)IL-1βmRNA表达增加，而下丘脑外侧区(LHA)IL-1β表达下降。GnRH信使核糖核酸的表达与白介素1β的表达呈显著负相关，提示慢性应激可能通过应激诱导的白介素1β信使核糖核酸的表达而导致生殖功能障碍。此外，应激大鼠LHA和MHA神经元的自发神经元活动和神经元对感觉刺激的反应的改变与应激诱导的摄食等行为以及自主神经和免疫系统的改变有关。较少

1. Neural mechanisms of emotion in the limbic systemNeuronal activity in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MID), and anterior cingulate cortex (AC) was recorded from the rats during discrimination of conditioned sensory stimuli associated with and without reward and aversion, In the MD, most neurons had multimodal responsiveness, and were differential to the conditioned stimuli. These MD neurons were located mainly in the rostro-medial portion of the MD.In the AC, differential conditioned stimulus-related neurons were located mainly in the rostral and ventral part of the AC.The other AC neurons responded mainly during ICSS and/or ingestion of sucrose (ingestion/ICSS-related neurons), and were located in a more posterior part of the AC .2. Neural mechanisms of spatial navigationMonkey hippocampal (HF) neurons were recorded while a monkey freely navigated in the experimental field by driving a cab which the monkey rode (real translocation task), or freely moved a pointer on a monitor (vi … More rtual translocation task) by manipulating a joystick. Some HF neurons had task-dependent place fields which displayed increased activity in a specific area in the experimental field and/or on the monitor. These results suggest that the HF can encode different reference frames that are context or task-dependent. This may be the neural basis of episodic memory.3. Brain-immune interaction in the hypothalamusWhen rats were chronically stressed, the expression of IL-1beta mRNA increased in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and medial hypothalamic area (MHA), and decreased in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Concomitant analysis of GnRH mRNA expression indicated a strong negative correlation with IL-1beta expression in the MPOA.These results suggest that chronic stress may induce reproductive dysfunction through the effects of stress-induced expression of IL-1beta mRNA in the MPOA.Furthermore, specific pattern of changes in the spontaneous neuronal activity and changes in the neuronal responses to sensory stimuli of LHA and MHA neurons in stressed rats were related to stress-induced various alterations in behaviors such as feeding, and in the autonomic and immune systems. Less