Organization of Dwelling Environment for the Demential and the Mentally Retarded Elderly Persons

失智老人和弱智老人很难独立生活。因此，本研究的目的是通过三个部分的研究来为他们组织居住环境。第一部分是分析视觉刺激所代表的行走环境下的注视行为。由于眼球注视实验的结果，老年痴呆症患者的眼球运动不那么活跃。智力低下者的眼点和扫描路径范围较大，注视分散，而老年痴呆症患者的眼点和扫描路径范围明显受限，并且偏向于呈现图形的中心。然而，我们推断，通过强调视觉刺激，如清晰的对比、移动和闪光，两组人的知觉水平都可以在一定程度上得到提高。第二部分，采用观察法分析不同类型住宅的居住行为。通过对不同迷惑行为的相关分析，确定了“游荡”和“尿失禁”两个指标为本研究的显著指标。另一方面，家居服务显示，大多数家庭成员将老年人隔离并将他们放在有限的空间内，以保持他们的安全和清洁。第三部分是评估与建筑非妨碍环境项目有关的填充率。为此，我们采用聚类分析的方法对建筑类型和检测项目的数据进行了分析。总贡献率为49.9%。公立和教育性建筑群的比例比私人和商业性建筑群要好。

The demential elderly and the mentally retarded elderly persons are difficult to live independently. So, the object of this study is to organize dwelling environment for them, through three research parts.Part 1 is to analyze eye fixation behavior on visual stimuli represented walking environment. As a result of eye fixation experiment, eye movements in the elderly with dementia are less active. And the range of eye points and scan paths in the mentally retarded is rather extended and eye fixations are scattered, while the range in the elderly with dementia is significantly limited and biased toward the center of presenting figures. However, we infer that the level of perception in the both groups can be raised to some extent by emphasized visual stimuli such as clear contrast, moving and flashing.Part 2 is to analyze dwelling behaviors with observational method in different types of dwellings. For this perpose, 'wandering' and 'urinary incontinence' are chosen significant indices through correlation analysis of various confused behavior. On the other hand, home serveys show that most family members segregate the elderly and put them in a limited space in order to maitain their safety and cleanliness.Part 3 is to evaluate the filfilled ratios which are concerned with the building non-handicapping environmental ithems. For this purpose, we analyze the datas of building types and checking items through cluster analysis method. The raito of total is 49.9%. The ratio of public and educational building group is more excellent than private and buisinesslike buiding group.