On the Infuence of the Bergakademie Freiberg upon the Japanese Technology

在世界上最古老的矿业和冶金高等教育机构——弗莱堡矿业学院，有45名日本人在二战结束前的明治、大正、昭和时期学习过。Bergakademie Freiberg通过三种方式产生了巨大的影响。对日本矿业和冶金的影响主要表现在以下几个方面：(1)初期在东京大学任教的老师，如库尔特·内托和埃米尔·巴尔森，都来自艺术学院。这些人为矿冶领域的研究奠定了基础。他们在日本培养了这一领域的第一位现代工程师和研究人员。在明治中期，毕业的学生去了国外的特殊教育机构，在英国，美国，主要是德国，即在Bergakademie Freiberg。德国人努力并引进了现代采矿技术、机器和更多的工作方法。在这方面，德国人也带来了现代技术，并指导了工作方式，尽管日本矿业现代化的尝试并不总是成功的。(3)东京帝国大学的毕业生，在博古学院深造后，成为东京帝国大学、京都大学、九州大学、东北帝国大学、明治工学院或秋田矿业学校的教授。这些人培养了下一代，建立了日本的采矿技术。这些人从Bergakademie带来了许多现代的方法和技术。然而，尽管一些人已经研究了著名的研究人员克莱门斯·温克勒用化学方法的气体分析方法，但他们未能引入与环境问题有关的主要问题。在弗莱堡，通过冶金过程的公众影响在当时是非常沉重和严肃的，因此温克勒在这个问题上做了出色的研究。这些都是日本社会本身带来的特点。技术知识可以以一定的形式存在于社会中。少

At the Bergakademie Freiberg, the oldest higher educational institution in the field fo mining and meturllurgyin the world, 45 Japanese have studied during the Meiji-, Taisho-, and Shouwa-Period, before the End of the World War II.The Bergakademie Freiberg had greatly influenced through 3 ways. The influences upon Japanese mining and meturllurgy worked thrugh following ways ;(1) The teacher who worked at the Tokyo University at the beginning age came from the Bergakademie, for example, Kurt Netto and Emil Barsen. These people have made the fundamental structue to study in the field of mining and meturllurgy. They have build up the first modern engineer and researcher in this field in Japan. In the middle of the Meiji Period the graduated students went to the foreign special educationa institutions in England, United States of America, and mostly German, that is, at Bergakademie Freiberg.(2) The people from German have worked and introduced modern mining technology, machines and working … More methods. On this side also, german people have brught the mdern technlogy and guided the way to work in spite of that the trials t5o modernize the Japanese mining were not alway succeed.(3) The Graduates of the Tokyo Imperial University, who have studied more at the Bergakademie became to Professors of the Tokyo Imerial University, Kyoto-, Kyushu-, TOHOKU-Imperial University, and Meiji-Sennmonn-GAKKO, or Akita Mining Shool. These people taght the next generation and established the Japanese mining technoogy.(4) These people have brought many modern ways and technology from the Bergakademie.Bue they have failed to introduce the major relating to the environmental problems in spite of that some have studied the Gas-Analysing-Method by chemical ways by the famous researcher Clemens Winkler. At Freiberg the public nuissance through the metarllurgical process was very heavy and seriously at that time, so Winkler made execellent research n this roblem.These are the chracteristics which were brought from the Jaanese society itself. Technological knowledges can exist in sertain forms in the society. Less