A Historical Analysis on the Science Technology-Policy after World War II in Japan

日本二战后科技政策的历史分析

• 批准号: 05301088
• 负责人: KIMOTO Tadaaki
• 金额: $ 4.48万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Institution of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05301088/
• 关键词: History of Technology; Science-Technology-Policy; Technology Development after War; Technology in Japan; 科学技術政策史; 政策史; 戦後日本技術; 日本技術史; 日本科学史

It is not possible to find out a consistent science-technology policy after the World War II in Japan, in spite of being of powerful governmental organs, for example the Science Technology Agency, Science-Technology Conference, Science Council in Japan or Ministry of Education. Policies from various organs, for example MITI,Mnistry of Agriculture and Forestry, or Ministry of Eductio and so on, have worked for development at the various phases of development, seperately. The collective of those policies had been the science technology policy in Japan. So there have been conflicts among those each policies. The stongest were those from the MITI.The logic of power in the administartion and general policy had ruled over the science and technology development. The policies from the MITI were almost those of from view of promotion of industrial development and for formation of strong competing power in the world market. The probelem is that the policy to form the strong competing power is not always equql to tehpolyicy to promote science and technology. The issues included in the MITI policies have been become obvious in the late 80s and 90s. We can point out such problems, for examples, losing competing power of computer in 90s, accidents in atomic power generation broken out last year, weakpoints in environmental assesment, total production sysytems change particulr ly losing production and technological skillness at the undertaking factories which supported the whole production.

战后日本虽然有科学技术厅、科学技术会议、科学理事会、文部省等强大的政府机构，但却没有形成一个连贯的科技政策。在不同的发展阶段，来自各个机构的政策，例如通商产业省、农林省或教育部等，分别为发展发挥了作用。日本的科学技术政策是这些政策的集合。因此，这些政策之间存在着冲突。行政权力的逻辑和总政策支配着科学技术的发展。通商产业省的政策基本上是从促进产业发展和在国际市场上形成强大竞争力的角度出发的。问题是形成强大竞争力的政策并不总是与促进科技进步的政策相一致。MITI政策中包含的问题在80年代末和90年代变得明显。指出了90年代计算机竞争力下降、去年原子能发电事故爆发、环境评价薄弱、生产系统总体变化特别是生产能力下降、支持生产的企业技术缺陷等问题。

项目成果

Kimoto, Tadaaki: "Technological Developent in Japan and its Historcal Research Since World War II" HISTORIA ACIENTIARUM. vol.5 no.2. 89 (1995)

木本忠明：“二战以来日本的技术发展及其历史研究”HISTORIA ACIENTIARUM。

木本忠昭: "通産省の保護政策と自由化政策" 日本情報処理学会『日本のコンピュータ発達史』. オーム社. (1997)

Tadaaki Kimoto：“通商产业省的保护政策和自由化政策”，日本信息处理学会，日本计算机发展史（1997）。

Kimoto, Tadaaki: "Debates on Japanese Technological Development and 'Science of Science'" Intercultural Affairs. v16 no4. 3-5 (1995)

木本忠明：“关于日本技术发展和‘科学的科学’的辩论”跨文化事务。

Yamazaki, Masakatsu: "The Mobilization of Science and Technology during the second world war in Japan" HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM. vol.5 no.2. 167-181 (1995)

山崎正胜：“日本第二次世界大战期间科学技术的动员”《科学史》。

木本忠昭: "戦後日本の技術導入" Intercultual Affairs. Vol.6 No.3. 4-6 (1995)

木本忠明：《战后日本的技术介绍》《跨文化事务》第 6 卷第 3 期（1995 年）。