A Historical Analysis on the Science Technology-Policy after World War II in Japan

二战后的日本，尽管有强大的政府机构，如日本的科学技术机构、科学技术会议、科学委员会或教育部，但不可能找到一个一致的科学技术政策。各种机关的政策，例如工商部、农林部或教育部等，分别在发展的各个阶段为发展作出了贡献。这些政策的集合就是日本的科学技术政策。所以这些政策之间存在冲突。最强烈的是来自MITI的那些。行政和政策中的权力逻辑支配着科学技术的发展。通产省的政策几乎都是从促进工业发展和在世界市场上形成强大竞争力的角度出发的。问题在于，形成强大竞争力的政策并不总是等同于促进科技发展的政策。通产省政策中包含的问题在80年代末和90年代就已经很明显了。我们可以指出这些问题，例如，90年代计算机失去竞争力，去年爆发的原子能发电事故，环境评价的弱点，生产体系的变化，特别是支持整个生产的承揽工厂失去生产和技术技能。

It is not possible to find out a consistent science-technology policy after the World War II in Japan, in spite of being of powerful governmental organs, for example the Science Technology Agency, Science-Technology Conference, Science Council in Japan or Ministry of Education. Policies from various organs, for example MITI,Mnistry of Agriculture and Forestry, or Ministry of Eductio and so on, have worked for development at the various phases of development, seperately. The collective of those policies had been the science technology policy in Japan. So there have been conflicts among those each policies. The stongest were those from the MITI.The logic of power in the administartion and general policy had ruled over the science and technology development. The policies from the MITI were almost those of from view of promotion of industrial development and for formation of strong competing power in the world market. The probelem is that the policy to form the strong competing power is not always equql to tehpolyicy to promote science and technology. The issues included in the MITI policies have been become obvious in the late 80s and 90s. We can point out such problems, for examples, losing competing power of computer in 90s, accidents in atomic power generation broken out last year, weakpoints in environmental assesment, total production sysytems change particulr ly losing production and technological skillness at the undertaking factories which supported the whole production.