Formation and Development of "Civil Engineerin"

“土木工程”的形成与发展

• 批准号: 62580077
• 负责人: KIMOTO Tadaaki
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62580077/
• 关键词: Civil engineering; History of engineering; J.Smeaton; Civil Engineering工学史; 技術学の成立; 技術史

In this reseach project the biginning of the history of the civil engineering, the process of the formation of new area of engineering in Europe, specially in England and Scotland are analized. John Smeaton has offerd an new idea "civil engeneer". His idea was succeeded to the formation of " Society of Civil Engineers", and "Institution of Civil Engineering". In this process John Smeaton has accepted the scientific and experimental fruit in this field from the North Europa, and also technological Progress and knowledge in craftmen, especially millwrihts and shipwrihts, and also instrumentsmakers. Smeatons achievments are classificated in 4 fields, (1) in relating to instrumentsmaker, (2) mills, (3) 'stea engine', and (4) civil engineering. It is very important to analyse two sides of this developping process,. The 'internal process' and 'external process'. The latter can be also characterised as the 'social existance structure'. With analysing these two sides the scientific and historical role and state of John Smeaton and his achievements can be rightly discussed, and and so we understand the meaning of 'civil engineering' as the 'symbol' of the new technological science and also new society, and then also its transitional characters.

本文分析了土木工程的历史起源，欧洲，特别是英格兰和苏格兰的工程新领域的形成过程。约翰斯米顿提出了一个新的概念“公民工程师”。他的想法被继承到“土木工程师协会”和“土木工程学会”的形成。在这一过程中，约翰斯米顿接受了来自北欧罗巴的这一领域的科学和实验成果，以及工匠，特别是磨坊主和造船师以及仪器制造者的技术进步和知识。Smeatons工具可分为4个领域，（1）与仪器制造有关，（2）米尔斯，（3）蒸汽机，（4）土木工程。分析这一发展过程的两个方面是非常重要的。“内部过程”和“外部过程”。后者也可以被描述为“社会存在结构”。通过对这两个方面的分析，我们可以正确地讨论约翰·斯米顿及其成就在科学和历史上的作用和地位，从而理解“土木工程”作为新技术科学和新社会的“象征”的意义，以及它的过渡性特征。

项目成果

(prearranged)Kimoto,Tadaaki: "methodological problems in relating to the formation of 'civil engineering'" "JINBUN-RONSOU". 15. (1989)

（预先安排）木本忠明：“与‘土木工程’的形成有关的方法论问题”“JINBUN-RONSOU”。

木本忠昭: 東京工業大学「人文論叢」. 15. (1989)

木本忠明：东京工业大学“人文系列”15。（1989）。