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Social Relationship of Department of Public Works to Structure of Technological Development in Meiji JAPAN

日本明治公共工程部与技术发展结构的社会关系

基本信息

批准号：
09480006
负责人：
KIMOTO Tadaaki
金额：
$ 3.52万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As the Department of Public Works, which has usually been seen as the central organ to develop the modern industry and technology in Meiji era, was a product of political disputes for hegemony within the Meiji Government, so its industrial policies had not been accorded policies. It is easily said that Japanese industrialization and modernization is a exceptional success in Asian countries and also people sees its cause of success of technological transfer from European countries. Actually, policies of Department of Public Works failed in many, serious cases, as for example, starting the Yawata iron works, Kamaishi iron works, managing modern big textile factories, and so on. The author proposes a new conception to grasp the policy of Meiji government and Department of Public Works, "Itoh Hirobumi Way". This Itoh Hirobumi way could not find suitable solutions for feudal stuck for development of technology. It was technical people who rescued the mauvais pas. They were reversely social products, therefore they averted the social issues relating to things against Government. Another side could be seen that technical problems for further development could be resolved only on the basis of natural and technological laws or characters. Therefore, the "rapid " development of technology could be explained with respect of activities of technical peoples and also with taking into consider these two sides of technological issues.

作为明治时代发展近代工业和技术的中心机构的工务厅，由于是明治政府内部霸权政治纷争的产物，其产业政策一直没有得到政策性的落实。可以说，日本的工业化和现代化在亚洲国家中取得了非凡的成功，人们也看到了欧洲国家技术转让的成功原因。实际上，工部的政策在许多重大的事例中失败了，如开办亚瓦塔铁厂、釜石铁厂、经营近代大型纺织厂等，笔者提出了把握明治政府和工部政策的新构想--“伊藤博文之路”。这种伊藤博文的方式无法为封建技术的发展找到合适的解决方案。是技术人员拯救了毛维帕斯人。他们是社会的产物，因此他们避免了与反对政府的事情有关的社会问题。另一方面，进一步发展的技术问题只能在自然和技术规律或特征的基础上解决。因此，技术的“迅速“发展可以用技术人员的活动来解释，也可以考虑到技术问题的这两个方面。