Social Relationship of Department of Public Works to Structure of Technological Development in Meiji JAPAN

由于工务省在明治时代通常被视为发展现代工业和技术的中心机构，是明治政府内部霸权政治纷争的产物，因此工务省的产业政策一直没有被赋予政策。可以说，日本的工业化和现代化是亚洲国家中非常成功的，人们也把它的成功归因于欧洲国家的技术转移。实际上，公共工程部门的政策在许多严重的案例中都失败了，例如，启动八幡铁厂，釜石铁厂，管理现代大型纺织工厂等等。笔者对明治政府和工务厅的政策提出了一个新的认识，即“伊藤博文方式”。伊藤博文的这种方式无法找到适合封建技术发展的解决方案。是技术人员拯救了mauvais pas。它们是相反的社会产品，因此它们避免了与反对政府的事情有关的社会问题。另一方面可以看到，进一步发展的技术问题只能根据自然和技术规律或特性来解决。因此，技术的“快速”发展可以通过技术人员的活动来解释，也可以通过考虑技术问题的这两个方面来解释。

As the Department of Public Works, which has usually been seen as the central organ to develop the modern industry and technology in Meiji era, was a product of political disputes for hegemony within the Meiji Government, so its industrial policies had not been accorded policies. It is easily said that Japanese industrialization and modernization is a exceptional success in Asian countries and also people sees its cause of success of technological transfer from European countries. Actually, policies of Department of Public Works failed in many, serious cases, as for example, starting the Yawata iron works, Kamaishi iron works, managing modern big textile factories, and so on. The author proposes a new conception to grasp the policy of Meiji government and Department of Public Works, "Itoh Hirobumi Way". This Itoh Hirobumi way could not find suitable solutions for feudal stuck for development of technology. It was technical people who rescued the mauvais pas. They were reversely social products, therefore they averted the social issues relating to things against Government. Another side could be seen that technical problems for further development could be resolved only on the basis of natural and technological laws or characters. Therefore, the "rapid " development of technology could be explained with respect of activities of technical peoples and also with taking into consider these two sides of technological issues.