Historical Study on Engineering Research and Related Institutions in Japan

本文分析了日本工科院校从明治时期到二战后的发展历程，指出了日本工科院校的基本特点。当然，我们可以在每个领域找到它自己的特点，例如，哪个工程领域比其他领域早有自己的研究特殊的社会等等。但作为一个整体，是遵循整体特征来讨论的。首先，我们可以将时代划分为两个时期(1)明治时期开始到二战开始的时期和(2)二战结束后的时期。两个时代的工程发展特点各不相同，但我们必须要问，为什么这么长时间以来，从建立第一所工程学校到1990年，日本一直把工程研究作为一个伟大的目标。本文探讨了日本第一高等工学院、阪神大坂口工学院和帝国工学院的特点。日本工学院有两种不同的形式或机构，一种是帝国理工学院，另一种是非帝国理工学院，后者的发展方式与德国理工学院相同。理论工程教育主要由前者进行。但是，直到现在，日本的研究和技术都被要求更加独立。另一方面，非国子监工学院也不具备德国理工学院的特色。对于这两个问题，通过研究得到的答案是，帝国理工学院的“理论”教育或研究的特点并不是与“实践”相比较的那种，而是用来使工业产品正常化的那种。因此，帝国理工学院的研究与研究与学院及其研究人员一起处于较高的地位，但对工程前沿的进一步发展用处不大。少

In this study, the development of Japane Engineering relate Institution from the age ofMeiji Period until after World Warll analysed, One of the main problems relating to this annalys was point out the fundamental characteristics of the Japanese Engineering and relating Institutions. Of course, we can find out its own characteristics in each fields, for example, which engineering fields had earlier than other filed its own reseach special society or so. But as a whole, it is to discuss following the whole characteristic. And firstly we cann distinguish the age into two periods(1)the time from the beginning of the Meiji period to the beginning of the WWll, and (2)the age of after WWll. The characteristics of the development of Engineering in the two ages differs to each other, but it must be asked why so long time, from the time of establishing of the first engineering school, still until 1990, has it been, in Japan, the great target to let stand the engineering rearch on its own.In thi … More s study discussed, the characteristic of the first high engineering school, Kobu-Daigakkou, and Imperial engineering college. It is pointed put the Japanese Engineering college has been two different forms or institutions, one is of Imperia college and the other non Imperia college, The latter has been developed the same way as like the German Technische Hochschue.And the theoretic engineering education had been carried on mainly by the former one. But, the research and technology in Japan had been required more independent until and still now. On the other hand the engineering school of nonimperial college had not the same characteristic as the Germany TH. The answer for these two questions got through the study is that the characteristic of“"theoretical“education or research at the Imperia College was not the one compared to “practice",but the one used to make normalization of industrial products. Therefore the research and study at the Imperia College had been in high position together with the institution and its researcher, but little use for further development in engineering frontier. Less