Molecular mechanisms of gametophytic self-incompatibility in Prunus species

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Prunus, one of the genera in the Rosaceae, includes important commercial fruit and nut tress species. Most of the Prunus species exhibit the monofactorial gametophytic self-incompatibility system which is controlled by a single locus, the S-locus, with multiple alleles. As Prunus species are unable to bear fruit parthenocarpically, they will not set fruit unless pollinated with cultivars with different S-genotypes. Thus, determination of correct pollen incompatibility groups and assignment of cultivars to the groups are essential for good crop production.This study identifies S-RNases associated with self-incompatibility in sweet cherry, almond, Japanese plum, and Japanese apricot. cDNAs encoding the S-RNases have been cloned and DNA-sequenced, which leads to the development of a molecular typing system for S-alleles in these fruit species. Furthermore, S-RNase allele that can be used as a molecular marker for self-compatibility in Japanese apricot has been explored.