Molecular epidemiology of environmental and hereditary factors in esophageal canser

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In a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer in China, the survey of nutritional styles was carried out for the patient group(79 persons)and inhabitants(499 persons). The sex- and age(±1)matched controls(M, 42 and F, 30)were selected, and the risk factors of esophageal cancer were clarified. The frequencies of family history of esophageal cancer, heavy work, use of well water were significantly higher in the patient group than in controls, whereas those of intakes of vegetables in the winter were lower in the former. The intakes of pork fat and corn also higher in the patients group than in controls, whereas those of soybeans, potatoes, seaweed, and fruit were lower in the former group. Since the intake of soybeans, potatoes, seaweed, and fruit were significantly lower in the inhabitants living in the-high incidence area of esophageal cancer than those in the low-incidence area, suggesting that the intakes of these foods in esophageal cancer patients were considerably low, and these l … More owered intakes seem to be risk factors of esophageal cancer.P53 mutation spectrum was investigated in tumor tissues from 77 esophageal cancer patinets living in the high-incidence area and 50 patients living in the low-incidence area in China. The frequencies of patients with p53 mutations were about 50%, and no difference in the frequencies was seen between both area. However, the mutationl spectrum was slightly difference : the mutations were mainly observed in exonss 5 and 8(72.2%)ih patients from the high-incidence area, whereas, those were in exons 7 in the patients from the low-incidence area. The nutritional styles of the patients were compared between the patients with and without p53 mutations. The patients with p53 mutation engaged in a light work, , and had a habit which ate the spicy food willingly and use of well ; of the patients having a habit of spicy food, 80% were mutated on exons of 7 and 8 of p53. Allthe patients with p53 mutation and use of well water used raw water. The DNA methylation of p16, p15, E-cadherin H-cadherin and estrogen receptor was analyzed using the same tumor tissues. The frequencies of the DNA methylation tended to be greater in the high-incidence area than in the low-incidence area. There wsa no corelationship between DNA methylation and nutritional habits. However, DNA methylation was mainly observed in the patients with the family history of esophageal cancer in the father. Less