Development of Occupational Safety and Health Management System by Examination for Processes of Occurring Accidents in Occupational Safety and Health

职业健康研究越来越趋向于风险管理。对职业安全和健康管理体系的日益重视加速了这一趋势。这一趋势也在许多亚洲国家出现，为加强初级预防提供了新的机会。最近关于技术转让、小型工作场所和农村地区的工作改进项目提供了有用的例子。根据亚洲国家最近的经验，审查了这两种工作改进项目和公认的职业风险管理原则的共同特点。这些特征似乎与审查职业健康研究策略高度相关。这些经验清楚地表明，必须制定适合当地的风险评估和控制程序。有新的研究需要涉及(a)鼓励在工作场所自愿控制的有效方法；(b)当地风险评估的实际方法；(c)在不同的地方环境下导致持续改进的参与性步骤的类型。讨论了在不同情况下有助于更有效地控制风险的以行动为导向的研究标准。可提及六个相关标准：(a)适应性风险管理；(b)工作/风险关系；(c)面向行动的风险评估；(d)利用集体专门知识；(e)当地人民的参与；（六）相互学习。促进研究适应当地情况的实际风险控制程序显得至关重要。

There is a growing trend in re-orientating occupational health research towards risk management. Such a trend is accelerated by the increasing attention to occupational safety and health management systems. The trend, also seen in many Asian countries, is offering new opportunities for strengthening primary prevention. Useful examples are provided from recent work improvement projects dealing with technology transfer, small workplaces and rural areas. Common features of both these work improvement projects and accepted occupational risk management principles are reviewed based on recent experiences in Asian countries. Such features seem highly relevant in examining the occupational health research strategies. These experiences clearly show that locally adjusted procedures for risk assessment and control must be developed. There are new research needs concerning (a) the effective ways to encourage voluntary control at the workplace ; (b) practical methods for local risk assessment ; and (c) the types of participatory steps leading to continual improvements in the varying local context. Criteria of action-oriented research that can contribute to more effective risk control in different settings are discussed. Six relevant criteria may be mentioned : (a) adaptive risk management ; (b) work/risk relationships ; (c) action-oriented risk assessment ; (d) use of collective expertise ; (e) participation of local people ; and (f) mutual learning. It appears crucial to stimulate research into the practical risk control procedures adjusted to the local situation.