Study on the mechanisms of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in retinal microcirculation

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Acridine orange leukocyte fluography was applied to study leukocyte dynamics in the following experimentally induced microcirculatory disturbance of the retina : ischemia-reperfusion injury of the retina and experimental diabetes mellitus.1. Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the retinaDuring reperfusion period after transient (60 min) retinal ischemia by optic nerve ligation, the rolling of leukocytes in the retinal veins was prominent and numerous leukocytes were trapped in the retinal capillaries. The numbers of rolling leukocytes were at maximum 12 hours after reperfusion. Leukocyte entrapment was peaked at 24 hours after reperfusion. By blocking adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium, these leukocyte-endothelial interactions were effectively inhibited. Postischemic retinal atrophy was also inhibited by blocking adhesion molecules. These results suggested that leukocytes may be major players in the pathophysiology of ischernia reperfusion injury of the retina.2 Experimental diabetes mellitusLeukocyte dynamics in the retina were studied in streptozotocin-induced disbetes and spontaneous diabetes (OLEIF rat). In the both diabetic models, leukocytc entrapment in the retinal capillaries was increased even in the early stages of diabetes. Fluorescein angiography revealed that trapped leukocyte disturbed the regional capillary blood flow in the downstream. Enhanced expression of adhesion molecules was observed in the capillary endothelium of the retina in the diabetic rats. Leukocyte entrapment in the retinal capillaries might cause microvascular occlusions and dysfunction, in tum causing diabetic retinopathy.