Molecular epidemiology on two new human malaria in Southeast Asia

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During 2001 to 2002, field surveys of malaria were conducted in Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, by using a rapid diagnosis with acridine orange staining, and gene analysis was performed on Plasmodium malariae and P.ovale isolates.1. In Myanmar, malaria surveys were conducted at many villages in Sagain Division, Rakhine State, Mon State, Mandalay Division, Shan State and Tanintharyi Division during 2001 to 2002. In all villages, we detected many patients infected with the new types of P.malariae and several patients infected with P.ovale. In addition, single infections with the new types of P.malariae and P.ovale were also detected from many villages.2. In Indonesia, we surveyed malaria at Maumere and Lalantuka, Flores island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, during 2001 to 2002. At both places, many patients infected with P.malariae and some patients infected with P.ovale were detected.3. In Vietnam, malaria survey was done at Bao Loc, Lam Dong Province, on September 2001, but the new types of P.malariae and P.ovale were not found.4. In Thailand, malaria surveys were performed at Sangkhlaburi on November, 2002, and three cases infected with the new types of P.malariae were detected. But, P.ovale infection was not detected.5. The SSUrRNA gene was analyzed in all wild isolates of P.malariae and P.ovale collected from Southeast Asia, and all, except for one P.ovale isolate, were reconfirmed as the new variant types. In addition, single infections with the new types of P.malariae were also reconfirmed by molecular diagnosis.6. Analysis of the full SSUrRNA gene in variant P.ovale isolates collected from Southeast Asia indicated that they were actually the new type.