Molecular epidemiology on distribution of new human malaria parasite and G6PD deficiency

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Molecular epidemiological surveys on malaria and G6PD deficiency were performed in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia and Thailand. Using wild isolates of the new human parasites of P.malariae and P.ovale collected from these countries, these parasites and G6PD deficiency types were examined molecularly.(1)In Myanmar, many cases of new P.malariae and P.ovale were detected from towns, such as Kalow, Pindaya, Pyin Oo Lyin, Than Dwe, Tathon. In G6PD deficiency, the Mahidol type was dominant.(2)In Indonesia, many cases of new P.malariae were detected from Maumere, Ende, Soe, Oebobo, Kendarui and Manado. Two cases of new P.ovale were also detected. More than 6 types of G6PD deficiency were found from Indonesia.(3)In Cambodia, many cases of new P.malariae were detected from Battambang and Rattanakiri Provinces as well as from Bao Loc, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Many cases of new P.malariae were detected from these two countries. In Cambodia, all of G6PD type was Viangchan, whereas in Vietnam many types of Chinese origin were detected.(4)In Thailand, survey was conducted at Sankaburi, and several cases of new P.malariae and one case of new P.ovale were also detected. Almost of G6PD deficiency types were Viangchan type.These above results may indicate that the new human malaria parasites are distributing widely in SE Asia. In addition, the Viangchan type of G6PD deficiency is distributing mainly in Thailand and Cambodia, whereas in Myanmar dominant type is the Mahidol type, both of which differed from distribution patterns in Indonesia and Vietnam.