Surveys on new human malaria in South East Asia

1. 1997-1998年期间，在泰国、印度尼西亚、缅甸、老挝、越南和中国使用吖啶橙染色法进行了疟疾实地调查。在这些国家，总共约有13000名志愿者接受了检查，2000年左右发现了疟疾患者。在部分疟疾阳性样本中进一步检测了基于pcr的诊断，在中国和东南亚检测到一种新的疟疾假体变异形式。该变异形式具有核糖体RNA基因突变序列，靶区缺失19bp。新变异形式的靶序列前段与间日疟原虫和诺氏疟原虫靶序列相同，后段与疟疾疟原虫靶序列一致。由于这种变异形式在非洲没有发现，很可能这种变异形式只分布在东亚。所有感染这种变异形式的患者都与其他疟疾种类混合感染。为了进一步的分子和临床研究，有必要找到单一感染这种变异形式的患者。还进行了G6PD缺乏症快速检测的现场试验，并对疟疾进行了现场快速诊断。通过这两种快速试验，伯氨喹可以安全地用于间日疟和恶性疟原虫配子细胞感染的疟疾患者。

1. During 1997-1998, field surveys of malaria were conducted in Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and China by using an acridine orange staining. A total of about 13000 volunteers were examined in these countries, and malaria patients were detected in about 2000.2. PCR-based diagnoses were further examined in a part of malaria-positive samples, and a new variant form of P.malariae was detected from China and Southeast Asia. This variant form possessed mutated sequence in the ribosomal RNA gene with 19-bp deletion at the target region.3. The anterior part in the target sequence of the new variant form was the same with those of P.vivax and P.knowlesi, while its posterior part was corresponding to that of P.malariae. As this variant form was not found in Africa, it is probable that the variant form may distribute only in East Asia. All of patients infected with this variant form were mix-infected with other malaria species. For further studies on molecularly and clinically, it is essential to find patients infected singly with this variant form.4. Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency were also performed with a rapid diagnosis of malaria on-site. By using these two rapid tests, primaquine was prescribed safely to malaria patients infected with P.vivax and gametocytes of P.falciparum.