Surveys on new human malaria in South East Asia

1.1997年至1998年期间，在泰国、印度尼西亚、缅甸、老挝、越南和中国用吖啶橙染色进行了疟疾的实地调查。在这些国家总共检查了大约13000名志愿者，在大约2000.2名患者中发现了疟疾患者。在部分疟疾阳性样本中进一步进行了基于聚合酶链式反应的诊断，在中国和东南亚发现了一种新的疟疾变种。该变异株核糖体RNA基因序列发生突变，靶区缺失19个碱基。新变异体靶标序列的前部与间日疟原虫和诺氏疟原虫相同，后部与间日疟原虫和诺氏疟原虫一致。由于这种变异形式没有在非洲发现，很可能这种变异形式可能只分布在东亚。所有感染这种变异形式的患者都与其他疟疾物种混合感染。为了进一步的分子和临床研究，发现单个感染这种变异形式的患者是必不可少的。还进行了G6PD缺乏症快速检测的现场试验，现场快速诊断疟疾。用这两种快速检测方法，对感染间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫配子体的疟疾患者安全地开出了伯氨喹。

1. During 1997-1998, field surveys of malaria were conducted in Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and China by using an acridine orange staining. A total of about 13000 volunteers were examined in these countries, and malaria patients were detected in about 2000.2. PCR-based diagnoses were further examined in a part of malaria-positive samples, and a new variant form of P.malariae was detected from China and Southeast Asia. This variant form possessed mutated sequence in the ribosomal RNA gene with 19-bp deletion at the target region.3. The anterior part in the target sequence of the new variant form was the same with those of P.vivax and P.knowlesi, while its posterior part was corresponding to that of P.malariae. As this variant form was not found in Africa, it is probable that the variant form may distribute only in East Asia. All of patients infected with this variant form were mix-infected with other malaria species. For further studies on molecularly and clinically, it is essential to find patients infected singly with this variant form.4. Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency were also performed with a rapid diagnosis of malaria on-site. By using these two rapid tests, primaquine was prescribed safely to malaria patients infected with P.vivax and gametocytes of P.falciparum.