PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZAL ENCEPHALITIS/ENCEPHALOPATHY

流感病毒（IFV）神经传播的证明鼻内接种高致病性IFV至小鼠，可能通过迷走神经和/或交感神经侵入延髓和胸髓（Vet Microbiol，2003）。将IFV接种至单侧迷走神经切除的小鼠证明病毒通过迷走神经侵入脑干（Vet Pathol，2004）。用小鼠背根神经节区室化培养的神经元研究了IFV的跨神经传递，并与用伪狂犬病毒获得的结果进行了比较。结果表明，IFV可经神经传播，并且该传播不依赖于使用微管的轴突运输（J Gen Viral，2005）JFV病毒抗原、病毒基因组和脑炎的持续感染在鼻内接种IFV后在小鼠脑中持续不超过48天。Reye综合征的实验复制Reye综合征的病因、急性发作和急性期的发病机制 ...更多信息 小儿脑病疑似IFV感染，给予退热治疗。研究了解热药（阿司匹林和阿司匹灵）对禽流感脑炎/脑病模型和鼠流感脑炎/脑病模型的影响。解热治疗不影响小鼠模型（IFV的跨神经传播模型），而治疗增强了禽脑炎/脑病（IFV的血源性传播模型）。Voltaren比阿司匹林更显著地扩大了病变（J Vet Med Sci，2004）。鞘内免疫将灭活的IFV或Aujezky病毒鞘内（接种到脑脊液中）或皮下接种到兔和小鼠中。脑脊液抗体仅通过鞘内免疫产生。使用灭活的Aujezky病毒的鞘内免疫保护小鼠完全免于由于肌内接种Aujezky病毒引起的临床体征、病理变化和死亡。结果表明，鞘内免疫对从侵入部位经外周神经侵入中枢神经系统的病毒有较好的免疫效果。少

Demonstration of neural spread of influenza virus(IFV)Intranasally inoculated highly pathogenic IFV to mice invaded medulla oblongata and thoracic cord possibly via vagal and/or sympathetic nerves (Vet Microbiol,2003). Inoculation of IFV to unilaterally vagectomized mice demonstrated the virus invades brain stem through vagal nerve(Vet Pathol,2004). Transneural transmission of IFV was examined using compartmentalized cultures of neurons from mouse dorsal root ganglia, the results were compared with those obtained using the pseudorabies virus. The results indicated that IFV can be spread transneurally and the transmission is independent of axonal transport using microtubules (J Gen Viral,2005).Persistent infection of IFVViral antigen, viral genomes and encephalitis persisted for not longer than 48 days in mice brain after intranasal inoculation of IFV. However the virus was not recovered from the brain.Experimental reproduction of Reyes' s syndromeThe cause of Reye's syndrome, acute enc … More ephalopathy of childhood is suspected of IFV infection and antipyretic treatment. The effects of antipyretics (aspirin and voltaren) on avian and murine models of influenzal encephalitis/encephalopathy were examined. Antipyretic treatment did not affect murine model (transneural spread model of IFV), whereas the treatment enhanced avian encephalitis/encephalopathy (hematogeneous spread model of IFV). Voltaren exaggerated the lesion more prominently than aspirin(J Vet Med Sci,2004).Intrathecal immunizationInactivated IFV or Aujezky virus were inoculated intrathecally (inoculation into cerebrospinal fluid) or subcutaneously in rabbits and mice. Antibody in cerebrospinal fluid was raised only by intrathecal immunization. Intrathecal immunization using inactivated Aujezky virus protected mice completely from clinical signs, pathological changes and death due to intramuscular inoculation of Aujezky virus. The results indicated the efficacy of intrathecal immunization against the viruses which invade central nervous system from invasion sites through the peripheral nerves. Less