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Evolutionary Psychology and Adaptive Behavior

进化心理学和适应性行为

基本信息

批准号：
12410024
负责人：
HASEGAWA Toshikazu
金额：
$ 5.18万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) Homicide studies : We continue to develop the database about Japanese homicidal cases based upon local court precedents. In order to clarify risk factors influencing on homicide, we analyzed variables such as income, educational background, jobs, marital status, mental health from the evolutionary psychological viewpoint. Our results were presented mainly at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society in Japan.2) Sex differences in rate of birth and death : We analyzed sex differences in birth and death rate of legitimate and illegitimate offspring in Meiji period. We found the higher mortality among legitimate males and among bastard females, which is thought to be caused by differential parental investment.3) Adaptive cognitive biases : We continued to study adaptive psychological mechanism about discrimination between in-and out-group members.4) Evolutionary approach to mental disorder : Based on the idea of Darwinian medicine, we argued the adaptive significance of depression and anxiety, i.e. they serve to prevent from unnecessary risk.5) Experimental studies on visual cognition among both autistic and non-autistic children : In order to investigate if autistic children are impaired in joint attention, we conducted experiment about automatic shift of attention to gaze stimulus.6) Preliminary study on autistic quotient : We investigate the relation between autistic quotient and other cognitive abilities and personal characteristics such as embedded figure task, Cloninger's TCl, vulnerability of being teased and so on.7) We also conducted experimental study about cognition of emotion in chimpanzees and color perception among primates.

1)凶杀案研究：我们继续根据当地法院判例开发有关日本凶杀案的数据库。为了阐明影响凶杀的危险因素，我们从进化心理学的角度分析了收入、教育背景、职业、婚姻状况、心理健康等变量。研究结果主要在日本人类行为与进化学会上发表。2）出生率和死亡率的性别差异：我们分析了明治时期婚生和非婚生后代出生率和死亡率的性别差异。我们发现婚生男性和私生子女性的死亡率较高，这被认为是由父母投资的差异引起的。3）适应性认知偏差：我们继续研究了内群体和外群体成员之间歧视的适应性心理机制。4）精神障碍的进化方法：基于达尔文医学的思想，我们论证了抑郁和焦虑的适应性意义，5）自闭症儿童与非自闭症儿童视觉认知的实验研究：为了探讨孤独症儿童是否存在联合注意障碍，我们进行了注视刺激自动转移注意的实验。6）孤独症商数的初步研究：本研究探讨了孤独症商数与其他认知能力和人格特征的关系，如嵌入图形任务、Cloninger's TCI、7）对黑猩猩的情绪认知和灵长类动物的色觉进行了实验研究。