Evolutionary Psychology and Adaptive Behavior

进化心理学和适应性行为

基本信息

批准号：
12410024
负责人：
HASEGAWA Toshikazu
金额：
$ 5.18万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) Homicide studies : We continue to develop the database about Japanese homicidal cases based upon local court precedents. In order to clarify risk factors influencing on homicide, we analyzed variables such as income, educational background, jobs, marital status, mental health from the evolutionary psychological viewpoint. Our results were presented mainly at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society in Japan.2) Sex differences in rate of birth and death : We analyzed sex differences in birth and death rate of legitimate and illegitimate offspring in Meiji period. We found the higher mortality among legitimate males and among bastard females, which is thought to be caused by differential parental investment.3) Adaptive cognitive biases : We continued to study adaptive psychological mechanism about discrimination between in-and out-group members.4) Evolutionary approach to mental disorder : Based on the idea of Darwinian medicine, we argued the adaptive significance of depression and anxiety, i.e. they serve to prevent from unnecessary risk.5) Experimental studies on visual cognition among both autistic and non-autistic children : In order to investigate if autistic children are impaired in joint attention, we conducted experiment about automatic shift of attention to gaze stimulus.6) Preliminary study on autistic quotient : We investigate the relation between autistic quotient and other cognitive abilities and personal characteristics such as embedded figure task, Cloninger's TCl, vulnerability of being teased and so on.7) We also conducted experimental study about cognition of emotion in chimpanzees and color perception among primates.

1）凶杀研究：我们继续根据地方法院的先例开发有关日本杀人案件的数据库。为了澄清影响杀人罪的风险因素，我们分析了从进化心理学角度来看，收入，教育背景，工作，婚姻状况，心理健康等变量。我们的结果主要是在日本的人类行为和进化社会上提出的。2）生育和死亡率的性别差异：我们分析了明治时期合法和非法后代的出生和死亡率的性别差异。我们发现合法男性和混蛋女性之间的死亡率较高，这被认为是由差异的父母投资引起的。3）自适应认知偏见：我们继续研究有关歧视成员之间的歧视的适应性心理学机制。4）精神障碍的进化方法：基于Darwinian Medicain的理念，我们对抑郁症的理解，既明显又有意义。 5）关于自闭症和非自然儿童视觉认知的实验研究：为了调查自闭症儿童是否在联合注意中受到损害，我们进行了实验，以实验自动转移到凝视刺激。 7）我们还进行了有关黑猩猩情绪和灵长类动物色彩知觉的认知认知的实验研究。