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Study for Biodiversity and Conservation of Kunashiri, Etorofu, Habomai and Shikotan Islands

国后岛、择捉岛、齿舞岛、色丹岛生物多样性及保护研究

基本信息

批准号：
12490003
负责人：
OHTAISHI Noriyuki
金额：
$ 10.5万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12490003/
关键词：
Four Northen Islands vertebrate complex biodiversity sea birds marine mammals mutual vists without visa brown bear blakiston's fish-owl

项目摘要

In 2000 and 2001, wildlife researchers from Hokkaido, Japan, and Russian wildlife experts from the Kurilsky State Nature Reserve and the Sakhalin Bureau of Fishery visited the "Four Northern Islands " (Kunashiri, Etorofu, Habomai and Shikotan) as a part of the mutual visits without visas of specialists promoted to strengthen ties between our two countries. We conducted visual surveys of the region's wildlife, mostly from boats that traveled along the coastal areas.From July 19 to 28, 2000, in southern Etorofu, Kunashiri and Shikotan, we counted 1,326 seals and six whale species ( 305 individuals ). From August 13 to 27, 2001, in Shikotan and Habomai Islands, we counted 2,950 seals,430 sea lions, 45 sea otters, 2,074 whales and 27,475 sea birds.Killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) were the most impressive of the marine mammals observed during these surveys. Observations of seven separate groups and 53 individuals were recorded. This concentration of killer whales, which are situated at the to … More p of the ocean food chain, clearly illustrates the richness of biological resources in this marine area. These marine habitats appear to be even richer than biological diversity of the Shiretoko Peninsula in Hokkaido, where killer whale sightings are rare, despite the peninsula's protected legal status and its well-preserved pristine biological habitat.The annual freezing and thawing of the sea ice creates acycle which draws nutrient-rich deep water toward the surface. This results in an abundance of both photo- and zooplankton from April to July. The plankton blooms continue through November with the flush of nutrient-rich Pacific Ocean water and the mixing of warm ( Soya ) and cold ( east Sakhalin ) ocean currents.Seeking the abundant plankton in the waters off the Four Northern Islands, school of fish migrate from subtropical zones and large schools of endemic subarctic species gather from the north. Residing permanently or migrating to prey on these fish species are seabirds, several species of whale, sea otters and six pinniped fish.The region extending from the Etorofu Strait ( Miyabe line ) to the Tsugaru Strait ( Blakiston line ) is considered a single zone in terms of biogeography. And yet, under nearly 50 years of Soviet and Russian Federation conservation policies, the Four Northern Islands continue to possess pristine habitat that have vanished from Hokkaido. Their unique biodiversity intact, the Four Northern Islands - both land and marine areas - are of great global importance. Less

2000年和2001年，日本北海道的野生动物研究人员以及俄罗斯库里尔斯基国家自然保护区和萨哈林岛渔业局的野生动物专家访问了“北方四岛”（国后岛、择捉岛、齿舞岛和色丹岛），这是为加强两国关系而推出的免签证专家互访的一部分。我们对该地区的野生动物进行了目视调查，主要是通过沿着沿海地区行驶的船只进行的。2000年7月19日至28日，在择捉岛南部、国后和色丹，我们统计了1,326只海豹和6种鲸鱼（305头）。 2001年8月13日至27日，在色丹岛和齿舞群岛，我们统计到了2,950只海豹、430只海狮、45只海獭、2,074头鲸鱼和27,475只海鸟。虎鲸（Orcinus orca）是这些调查期间观察到的最令人印象深刻的海洋哺乳动物。记录了 7 个不同组和 53 个人的观察结果。位于海洋食物链顶端的虎鲸如此集中，清楚地说明了该海域生物资源的丰富性。这些海洋栖息地似乎比北海道知床半岛的生物多样性还要丰富，尽管该半岛具有受保护的法律地位和保存完好的原始生物栖息地，但虎鲸在该半岛的生物多样性却很少见。海冰每年的冰冻和融化形成了一个循环，将营养丰富的深水吸引到地表。这导致四月至七月期间有大量的光生物和浮游动物。随着营养丰富的太平洋海水的涌入以及暖流（大豆）和冷流（东库页岛）的混合，浮游生物的繁殖持续到十一月。为了在北方四岛附近的水域寻找丰富的浮游生物，鱼群从亚热带地区迁徙，大批特有的亚北极物种从北方聚集。永久居住或洄游捕食这些鱼类的是海鸟、几种鲸鱼、海獭和六种鳍足类鱼类。从生物地理角度来看，从择捉海峡（宫部线）到津轻海峡（布莱基斯顿线）的区域被认为是一个单一区域。然而，在苏联和俄罗斯联邦近 50 年的保护政策下，北方四岛仍然拥有北海道已经消失的原始栖息地。北方四岛（无论是陆地还是海洋）其独特的生物多样性完好无损，具有重要的全球重要性。较少的