Work Stress in School Teachers and Health Promotion : The Field Intervention Study.

背景资料。学校教书被认为是一项压力很大的职业。最近，在学校活动中发生了重大事故、刑事事件等多起重大附带事件。然而，由于对工作和重大事件的感知而产生的心理健康状况可能会受到应对反应和社会支持以及现场健康促进干预的影响。目标。为评估突发事件应急干预的有效性，我们在学校突发事件发生后2周、3个月和6个月进行跟踪调查，采用GHQ-28量表作为教师急慢性应激反应心理健康状况的指标。共对6所小学进行了11项现场干预研究。初中3所，高中2所。对273名(男135名，女139名)教师进行GHQ-28问卷调查，平均年龄42.2岁，平均工作年限19.3年，并对关键支持活动后2周、3个月和6个月进行跟踪调查。我们观察到，与没有干预的教师相比，接受健康促进干预的教师的GHQ-28子量表分显著降低。结论。这些发现表明，短期的心理干预可以帮助调节心理功能，这些缓解与教学环境中创伤事件的表达有关。研究表明，现场干预不仅可以缓和急性压力源对幸福感的影响，还可以影响对环境需求的评价。

Background. School teaching is regarded as a stressful occupation. Recently, it has happened to many critical incidental events such as major accidents and criminal affairs at school activities. However, perceived mental health status due to the perception of the job and major events as stressful may be influenced by coping responses and social support, as well as the field intervention for health promotion. Aims. To asses the effectiveness of the emergency intervention for critical incidental events, we followed-up 2 weeks, 3 and 6months after occurring at the events in schools by measuring GHQ-28 as index of the mental health status of teachers acute and chronic stress responses.Method. It was 11 field intervention studies for 6 primary schools. 3 junior high schools and 2 high schools. GHQ-28 questionnaire were administered to 273 (male : 135, female : 139) teachers, mean age of 42.2 with mean job history of 19.3 years and followed-up for 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months following the critical support activities.Results. We observed significant decreases in subscale scores of GHQ-28 in teachers supported by the intervention for health promotion as compared with those without the intervention. Conclusions. These findings suggest that a short-term psychological intervention can help modulate mental functioning, and these alleviations are related to expression of traumatic events in a teaching environment. It is suggested that the field intervention not only moderate the impact of acute stressors on well-being but influence the appraisal of environmental demands as stressful.