The reconstruction modeling by BIOMES4 on the climate-flora interaction since last glacial maximum in Japan

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Biome reconstructions for Japan has been carried out using polle fosile data during the glacial period in Eastern Asia including Japan. An individual pollen assemblages to biomes was tested to reconstruct palaeo vegetation patterns 6000 and 18,000 14 C yr B.P. Biomes were correctly assigned, however, Incorrect assignments occur near the altitudinal limits, from lower altitudes. The reconstructed changes in the altitudinal limits of biomes are likely to be conserved by refuged ancestral flora. The similar biome distribution to the present biome was at 6000 14 C yr B.P. This suggests that changes in the bioclimate of Japan was smaller since the mid-Holocene and followed climates. At 18,000 14 C yr B.P. the Japanese lowlands were covered by taiga and cool mixed forests. The southward expansion of taiga forests progressed after then