Reader's Ability to Flexibly Modify Schema

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Schema modification tests show the difference between good and poor readers as well as good and poor schema activators. Good readers and good schema activators modify their schemata more precisely, faster and more flexibly than poor readers and poor schema activators. The schema modification of good readers was better than that of poor readers in all texts.The present study also results in statistically significant moderate relationships among all factors in the present study besides the one between inference and working memory. One of those relationships is the one between working memory and the average of the schema modification test scores. Poor working memory restricts the readers' ability to flexibly modify schema.Furthermore, I found that poor readers sometimes activate too specific a schema. They often fail to recover from those narrow schemata. On the other hand, good readers rarely activate those specific schemata but tend to keep open their schemata for future modification. This may be because poor readers' semantic memory is not a well organized hierarchy. Instead, I suppose that they rather rely on episodic memory to compensate for this lack of organization in semantic memory.