Designing learning environments fostering creativity in engineering education.

在这个项目中，我们提出了一个设计工程创造力学习环境的框架。该框架包括以下两个部分：(1)基于心理学知识的教学设计本文提出的框架积极地将心理学中与教育和学习有关的知识与学习者的经验结合在一起，以实现更有效的课堂。在研究人类在教育情境中的学习过程的学习科学领域，指出了元认知的重要性和有效性，即从元的角度来看待学习者在教育或学习情境中的自身活动。在本研究的班级中，我们加入了这种“反思”的元认知活动。反思是对自身活动过程的反思。(2)创新活动支持系统的开发在这里提出的框架中，我们开发了一个以“生产活动”和“评估活动”为重点的创新活动支持系统，并将该系统引入了课堂环境。这个基于网络的系统由一个与数据库相连的PHP组成，使学习者能够使用网页浏览器来记录和反思与小组创造活动相关的任何信息。基于这个框架，我们在中部大学进行了一堂创新教育的实际课堂。学习者被要求使用乐高头脑风暴制造一个机器人，同时使用创意活动支持系统记录他们自己的创意过程。我们对与学习者创造力相关的技能的学习结果进行了评估。结果，我们证实了以下教育有效性：(1)通过体验创造性活动提高了学习者的想法生成技能；(2)通过在课堂上经历反思，激活了他们的元认知活动。

In this project, we proposed a framework for designing learning environments for creativity in engineering. The framework consists of the following two components.(1) Instructional design based on knowledge from psychologyThe framework proposed here actively incorporates knowledge from psychology in relation to education and learning in addition to the experiences of the learners, in order to achieve more effective classes. In the field of learning sciences, which studies human learning processes in educational situations points out the importance and effectiveness of "meta-cognition" in which the learner's own activities in an educational or learning situation are seen from a "meta" perspective. In the classes in the current study, we incorporated this meta-cognitive activity of "reflection." Reflection is the activity of looking back at one's own activity processes.(2) Development of systems for supporting creative activitiesIn the framework proposed here, we have developed a creative activity support system that focuses on "Production Activities" and "Evaluation Activities," and have introduced this system into a class environment. This web-based system, which is comprised of a PHP linked with a database, enables the learners to record and reflect on any information related to the group's creative activities using a web browser.Based on that framework, we conducted an actual class in creative education at the Chubu University. The learners required to produce a robot using LEGO Mindstorms while recording their own creative process using the creative activity support system. We evaluated the learning results for skills related to the learners' creativity. As a result, we confirmed following educational effectiveness: (1) learners' idea generation skills were improved through experiencing creative activities, and (2) their meta-cognitive activities were also activated as a result of having experienced reflection in the classes.