From Manuscripts to Printings: Transitions of Writing Styles in Tibetan Texts

在该项目的前两年（2001-2002），我们确定了大约60个属于后西藏帝国时期的藏文敦煌文献，并讨论了藏文在东突厥斯坦在世纪继续被使用，此后被非藏族人，如汉语和于阗语，作为一种弗兰卡。我们还发现，世纪，敦煌出土了数百部藏传佛教典籍，其中许多是于阗人所写。根据我们在这一过程中建立的古地理标准，我们预计会发现更多写于世纪的藏文文献。沿着敦煌文献的研究，竹内和内内将M. A.斯坦因和科兹洛夫的作品，现分别保存在大英图书馆和位于彼得堡的俄罗斯学院。在数据库中，我们提供了关于每一个项目的以下信息：请购单和场地编号、大小、物理描述、分类、音译文本、关键词等。因此，据透露，Khara-Khoto文本可追溯到16世纪，而Etsin-Gol文本可追溯到16世纪至20世纪。它与敦煌文献一起，涵盖了藏文文献的整个时期。它们提供了各种各样的古地理变化，这将是我们下一步研究的目标。最后成果，即数据库，将通过国际敦煌项目网站（http：//www.example.com）提供。idp.bl.uk

In the first two years of this project (2001-2002), we identified about sixty Tibetan Dunhuang texts that belong to the post-Tibtan Empire period, and discussed that Tibetan continued to be used in East Turkestan in the 10th century and thereafter by non-Tibetans, such as Chinese and Khotanese, as a lingua franca.In the second half of the project, we found that a few hundreds of Tibetan Buddhist texts from Dunhuang were also produced in the 10th century, many of which were written by Khotanese. Based on the palaeographical criteria we have established during this process, we expect to find many more Tibetan texts written in the 10th century. This would completely revise our concepts of Tibetan texts and Tibetan Buddhism.Along with the study of Dunhuang texts, Takeuchi and Iuchi have databased all the Tibetan texts from Khara-Khoto and Etsin-Gol excavated by M. A. Stein and Kozlov and now preserved in the British Library and the Russian Academy at St. Petersburg, respectively. In the database, we provide with the following information on each item: requisition and site numbers, size, physical description, classification, transliterated text, key words, etc. In addition, we have identified and date many texts. As a result, it has been revealed that Khara-Khoto texts date from with to 16the centuries, while Etsin-Gol texts date from 16th to 20th centuries. Together with Dunhuang texts they cover the whole period of Tibetan texts. They provide various palaeographical variations which will be the target of our next research. The final outcome, namely the database, will be made available through the International Dunhuang Project website (http://idp.bl.uk).