Studies on control mechanisms of multiplication of cells and cellular organelles

我们从细胞和分子水平对细胞器遗传和增殖的调控机制进行了研究，获得了以下新的发现。黑井。Nakamura和Hori研究了300多种低等藻类和高等植物是否优先消化雄性来源的质体DNA。结果表明，这些植物在精子发生过程中发生了叶绿体DNA的优先破坏。这似乎是藻类和高等植物中叶绿体DNA母系遗传的机制。大约80%的植物发生了优先破坏，而20%的植物没有发生优先破坏。为双亲类型。核释放型(分子量为27kD)。该基因依赖于钙离子，是一种可直接在原位破坏叶绿体DNA的候选基因。Nagata，Kuroiwa，Sasaki研究了不同植物在绿化前后的质体发育机制。他们展示了叶绿体核(DNA和蛋白质组合物…)的行为在小麦的整个生命周期中，通常在发育过程中伴随着DNA的合成，一个成熟叶绿体中的一个原质体核发育到20-50个叶绿体核。在此过程中，叶绿体DNA看家基因的活性依赖于GaN剂量，而光基因的活性依赖于转录促进机制，而不是GaN剂量。阐明叶绿体基因调控的调控机制。他们从叶绿体发育的不同阶段的质体中分离出完整的质核。由于分离的叶绿体细胞核在体外转录系统中显示了正确的表达。它们成为分析细胞器基因表达调控的重要工具。更重要的是。平井发现含有两种不同来源叶绿体的细胞不能分化为芽。Ssahi测定了细胞色素氧化酶的总碱基序列，并测定了其蛋白质在线粒体膜中的三维结构。宫川成功地从烟草线粒体DNA和酵母线粒体DNA双结合蛋白中重建了线粒体细胞核。Tohe发现，利用基因技术，聚合酶和小质粒可以很容易地进入YCAST核仁。Sada观察到，前臂的方向是受光调节的。较少

We studied the control mechanisms of inherilance and multiplication of organelles at cell and molecular level and ohtained the following new findings. Kuroiwa. Nakamura and Hori examined wheter the preferential digestion of plastid DNA from male origin occurred or not in more than 300 species of lower algae and higher plants. The results showed that the preferential deltruction of plastid DNA occurred during spermatogenesis in these plants. It seemed to be the mechanism of maternal inheritance of plastid DNA in the algae and higher plants. The preferential destruction occurred in about 80% of plants while it did not occur in 20% of the plants. Which were biparental type. A nucelease (M.W.27 KD). Which was dependent on calcium, was identified as a candidate which may destroy directly the plastid DNA in situ. Nagata, Kuroiwa, Sasaki studied the mechanism ofdevelopment of plastids before and after greening in various plants. They showed the behavior of plastid nuclei (DNA and protein comp … More lex) throughout a life cycle of the wheat.Generally, one proplastid nuclenus developed to for 20-50 plastid nuclei in a mature chloroplast in concomitant with DNA synthesis during development of proplastid. During the process, activity of house-keeping genes of chloroplast DNA depended on the gane dosage and that of photogenes depended on a transcription promoting mechanism rather than the gane dosage. To elucidate regulation mechanisms of chloroplast gene control. They isolated intact plastid nuclei from plastids at various stages of chloroplast development. As the isolated plastid nuclei showed correctct gane expression in in vitro transcription system. They become very important tools for analysis of the regulation of organelle gene expression. Futhermore. Hirai found taht a cell containing two types of chloroplasts from different origins could not differentiate to from shoot.Ssahi determined total base sequence of cytochoromeoxidase and determined the three dimentional structure of its protein in the mitochondrial membrane. Miyakawa succecded the reconstruction of mitochondria nuclei from tobacco mitochondrial DNA and yeast mitochondrial DNA dibinding proteins. Tohe found that polymerase and small plasmid could enter casily into ycast nucleolus using gene technology. Sada observed that the direction of preprohase hand was regnlated by light. Less