Studies on control mechanisms of multiplication of cells and cellular organelles

细胞及细胞器增殖控制机制的研究

• 批准号: 63110001
• 负责人: KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi
• 金额: $ 20.03万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Special Project Research
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63110001/
• 关键词: maternal inheritance; chloroplast development; nuclease C; chloroplast gene; mitochondrial nuclei; isolation of mitochondrial nuclei; 核小体へ遺伝子挿入; 母性遺伝; 葉緑体分化; 葉緑体核; 葉緑体遺伝子の発現; チトクロムオキシダーゼ遺伝子; preprophase bandの光制御; 核小体遺伝子制御

We studied the control mechanisms of inherilance and multiplication of organelles at cell and molecular level and ohtained the following new findings. Kuroiwa. Nakamura and Hori examined wheter the preferential digestion of plastid DNA from male origin occurred or not in more than 300 species of lower algae and higher plants. The results showed that the preferential deltruction of plastid DNA occurred during spermatogenesis in these plants. It seemed to be the mechanism of maternal inheritance of plastid DNA in the algae and higher plants. The preferential destruction occurred in about 80% of plants while it did not occur in 20% of the plants. Which were biparental type. A nucelease (M.W.27 KD). Which was dependent on calcium, was identified as a candidate which may destroy directly the plastid DNA in situ. Nagata, Kuroiwa, Sasaki studied the mechanism ofdevelopment of plastids before and after greening in various plants. They showed the behavior of plastid nuclei (DNA and protein comp … More lex) throughout a life cycle of the wheat.Generally, one proplastid nuclenus developed to for 20-50 plastid nuclei in a mature chloroplast in concomitant with DNA synthesis during development of proplastid. During the process, activity of house-keeping genes of chloroplast DNA depended on the gane dosage and that of photogenes depended on a transcription promoting mechanism rather than the gane dosage. To elucidate regulation mechanisms of chloroplast gene control. They isolated intact plastid nuclei from plastids at various stages of chloroplast development. As the isolated plastid nuclei showed correctct gane expression in in vitro transcription system. They become very important tools for analysis of the regulation of organelle gene expression. Futhermore. Hirai found taht a cell containing two types of chloroplasts from different origins could not differentiate to from shoot.Ssahi determined total base sequence of cytochoromeoxidase and determined the three dimentional structure of its protein in the mitochondrial membrane. Miyakawa succecded the reconstruction of mitochondria nuclei from tobacco mitochondrial DNA and yeast mitochondrial DNA dibinding proteins. Tohe found that polymerase and small plasmid could enter casily into ycast nucleolus using gene technology. Sada observed that the direction of preprohase hand was regnlated by light. Less

我们在细胞和分子水平上研究了细胞器的遗传和增殖的控制机制，获得了以下新发现。小智。Nakamura和Hori研究了300多种低等藻类和高等植物中是否存在对雄性质体DNA的优先消化。结果表明，这些植物在精子发生过程中发生了质体DNA的优先破坏。这可能是藻类和高等植物质体DNA母系遗传的机制。约80%的植物发生优先破坏，20%的植物未发生优先破坏。它们是双亲型的。核释放(M.W.27KD)。它依赖于钙，被认为是一种可以直接原位破坏质体DNA的候选物质。Nagata, Kuroiwa， Sasaki研究了各种植物在绿化前后质体的发育机制。他们展示了小麦整个生命周期中质体核（DNA和蛋白质）的行为。一般来说，在成熟叶绿体发育过程中，一个前质体核发育为20-50个，并伴随着DNA的合成。在这一过程中，叶绿体DNA内务基因的活性取决于游戏剂量，光基因的活性取决于转录促进机制而不是游戏剂量。阐明叶绿体基因调控的调控机制。他们从叶绿体发育的不同阶段的质体中分离出完整的质体核。分离的质体核在体外转录系统中表现出正确的基因表达。它们成为分析细胞器基因表达调控的重要工具。此外。平井发现含有两种不同来源的叶绿体的细胞不能从芽分化出来。Ssahi测定了细胞色素氧化酶的总碱基序列，并测定了其蛋白在线粒体膜中的三维结构。Miyakawa成功地用烟草线粒体DNA和酵母线粒体DNA二结合蛋白重建了线粒体核。Tohe利用基因技术发现，聚合酶和小质粒可以很容易地进入铸型核仁。Sada观察到前期手的方向受光调控。少