The neural basis of active echo imaging

主动回波成像的神经基础

• 批准号: 51769547
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Uwe Firzlaff
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Zoologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/51769547?language=en
• 关键词: neural; basis; active; echo; imaging

Echolocating bats can localize and identify three dimensional objects through the auditory analysis of the echoes of their sonar emissions. The spectro-temporal structure of an echo depends not only on the acoustical properties of the reflecting object, but also on the properties of the emission. Echo imaging requires the detailed comparison of the emission and echo. Previous physiological studies investigated the neural basis of echo imaging only in anaesthetized, passively listening animals. This contrasts to the psychophysical work where behavioral responses were obtained in vocalizing and actively listening animals.This proposal aims to combine these approaches to investigate neural processing in active echo imaging. Two different approaches will be used: in one set of experiments echolocation calls will be evoked by electrical microstimulation in an area of the descending vocalization system, the paralemniscal area, in awake bats. Using the techniques from behavioral phantom-target work, the acoustic images of 3D objects are imprinted on the calls in real-time and played back as synthetic echoes. This technique allows to systematically manipulating object-related acoustic information. The responses from neurons in the auditory cortex to both the call and the synthetic echo will be recorded. By comparing the response of a neuron with and without previous vocalization, the effect of the bat’s vocalization on neural processing can be revealed. In a second approach the responses from neurons in auditory cortex will be recorded with chronically implanted electrodes in freely moving bats. The bats will be trained in a psychophysical discrimination task and the neural responses will be transmitted with a small telemetric system while the bats are performing the task. With this approach insight in the neural activity underlying the bats performance will be gained.

回声定位蝙蝠可以定位和识别三维物体通过听觉分析的回声，他们的声纳发射。回波的频谱-时间结构不仅取决于反射物体的声学特性，还取决于发射的特性。回波成像需要对发射和回波进行详细比较。以前的生理学研究仅在麻醉的被动听力动物中调查回声成像的神经基础。这与心理物理学的工作，在发声和积极倾听的动物获得的行为反应。这个建议的目的是联合收割机，这些方法来研究在主动回声成像的神经处理。两种不同的方法将被使用：在一组实验中，回声定位电话将被诱发的电微刺激在一个地区的下行发声系统，在清醒的蝙蝠的听觉系区。使用来自行为幻影目标工作的技术，3D对象的声学图像实时地印在呼叫上，并作为合成回波回放。该技术允许系统地操纵对象相关的声学信息。听觉皮层神经元对呼叫和合成回声的反应将被记录下来。通过比较神经元在先前发声和没有发声的情况下的反应，可以揭示蝙蝠发声对神经处理的影响。在第二种方法中，听觉皮层神经元的反应将被记录在自由移动的蝙蝠中，并长期植入电极。蝙蝠将接受心理物理辨别任务的训练，当蝙蝠执行任务时，神经反应将通过一个小型遥测系统传输。通过这种方法，将获得对蝙蝠表现背后的神经活动的洞察。

项目成果

Neural coding of echo-envelope disparities in echolocating bats

• DOI: 10.1007/s00359-010-0571-z
• 发表时间: 2011-05-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Borina, Frank;Firzlaff, Uwe;Wiegrebe, Lutz
• 通讯作者: Wiegrebe, Lutz