A closed-circuit continuous measurement system for metabolic rate and physioengineering study on thermoregulation of chick embryos.

(1)利用微型计算机研制了一套闭路连续耗氧量测量系统。同时通过检测CO_2吸收液电导率的变化来测量胚胎产生的二氧化碳。(2)由于O_2 CO_2和热量是通过蛋壳交换的，所以从孵化开始到几个小时的变化，首先研究了蛋壳气体传导性对气体交换、胚胎发育、血气和血液学指标的影响。(3)胚胎的气体交换器是蛋壳内血运良好的绒毛尿囊膜。根据电路模型分析和计算机绘制的诺模图，研究了胎儿心输出量和绒毛尿囊膜循环的分布。通过测量Livi…的冷却速度来评估血液在鸡蛋内部热流中的重要性在空气和氦氧混合气体中，鸡蛋和禽蛋的降温损失较大。(4)在鸡胚发育和产热过程中，定量评估了鸡蛋冷却过程中的热损失。参考这些数据，WA确定了冷却方法，并测量了发育中的鸡胚的代谢反应。结果表明，雏鸡胚胎后期出现弱的恒温代谢反应，外切后反应增强。甲状腺激素和蛋壳气体传导性在鸡孵化前的体温调节中起重要作用。(5)研究了不同发育阶段半早熟棕色结节鸡胚胎的冷藏代谢反应。与早熟雏鸡相比，半早熟结节在孵化前没有明显的恒温反应。(6)结合胚胎体温调节的研究，进行了基础实验，旨在将本研究推进到阐明禽类胚胎发育的循环功能的项目。较少

(1) A closed-circuit continuous measurement system for oxygen consumption was developed utilizing a microcomputer. The carbon dioxide produced by an embryo was simultaneously measured by detecting the changes in electrical conductivity of the CO_2 absorber which was used to eliminate produced CO_2.(2) Because the O_2 CO_2 and the heat was exchanged through the eggshell, the effects of gas conductance of the eggshell on the gas exchange, embryonic development, blood gases and hematological variables were investigated first by changing it from the beginning of incubation on for several hours.(3) The gas exchanger of embryos is the chorioallantoic membrane which is well vascularized inside the eggshell. A distribution of the cardiac output to the embryo and the chorioallantoic circulation was studied based on a circuit model analysis and a nomogram drawn with an aid of computer. The importance of blood flow in an egg's internal flows of heat was evaluated by measuring coolng rates of livi … More ng and killed chicken and quail eggs in air and in helium-oxygen mixture.(4) The heat loss from eggs when cooling was quantitatively evaluated in developing chick embryos together with heat production. Referring to these data, wa determined the cooling methods and the metabolic response of developing chick embryos were measured. It was found that a feeble homeothermic metabolic response appears in the late chick embryos and it becomes stronger after external pipping. The thyroid hormones and the eggshell gas conductance were suggested to play an important role in thermoregulation developing before hatching in chickens.(5) The metabolic response to cooling was also investigated in the semi-precocial Brown Noddy embryos at different stages of development. In contract to precocial chickens, the semi-precocial Noddy had no apparent homeothermic response before hatching.(6) In conjuction wiht studies on embryonic thermoregulation, the basic experiments were made to aim at forwarding the present study to a project elucidating the circulatory functions of developing avian embryos. Less