Physio-Engineering Study on the Cardiac Function of Avian Eggs.

1.禽蛋心源性微小运动(BCG)和心源性声压(ACG)的研究(1)利用微型计算机和声卡检测BCG，研制了心电、BCG和动脉血压同时测量系统。(2)将电容式传声器测得的心电信号与心阻抗图(ICG)、心电图、卡介苗(BCG)、心电信号(Eg)进行比较，找出信号的来源。心源性弹道运动与心内压、心动过速之间存在一定的相关性，有待进一步研究。(3)心源性弹道运动包括位移BCG(激光位移仪)、运动BCG(激光散斑仪)和速度BCG(声卡和压电薄膜)。非侵入性测量…(1)对6种家禽(鹌鹑、雏鸡、火鸡、孔雀、鸭子、鹅)和3种夏威夷海鸟(信天翁、羊水、海燕)在孵化后半期的BCG进行了无创性测定，获得了新的比较生理学知识。(2)发现野鸽的胚胎f_H在个体间发育过程中变化不同，而家鸽的变化相似。然而，野鸽每窝两个胚胎的fH非常相似。这些发现表明，野生鸟类胚胎f_H的变异可能与遗传因素有关。通过测定鸭、鸡、肉鸭和鸽子胚胎和雏鸟对长时间降温的代谢反应，对吸热恒温的发育进行了比较研究。阐明了贝壳扩散电导和环境氧变化对胚胎耗氧量的影响。较少

1. Investigations on cardiogenic minute movements (ballistocardiogram, BCG) and cardiogenic acoustic pressure (acoustocardiogram, ACG) in avian eggs.(1) Using a microcomputer and an audiocartridge for detection of BCG, we developed the simultaneous measuring system of ECG, BCG and arterial blood pressure. It was found that in chicken eggs the BCG was attributed to not only the ventricular blood ejection, but also the ventricular isovolmetric contraction and presystole.(2) The ACG detected by a condenser microphone was compared with the impedance-cardiogram (ICG), ECG, BCG and egg pressure in order to find origins of this signal. Some relations were found with egg pressure and ICG, but not found with the BCG, requiring further investigations.(3) The cardiogenic ballistic movements of the egg were detected as the displacement BCG (by laser displacement meter), the movement BCG (by laser speckle meter) and the velocity BCG (by audiocartridge and piezoelectric film).2. Non-invasive measure … More ments of embryonic heart rate (f_H) in birds.(1) The embryonic f_H was determined noninvasively by measuring the BCG during the last half of incubation period in six species of domesticated birds (quail, chick, turkey, peafowl, duck and goose) and three species of Hawaiian seabirds (albatross, shearwater and noddy), eliciting new comparative physiological knowledges.(2) It was found that the embryonic f_H of the wild pigeon changes variously during development between individual clutches, while that of domesticated pigeons changes similarly. However, the f_H of two embryos in each clutch of the wild pigeon was found very similar. These findings suggest that genetic factors are involved in the variation of the embryonic f_H of wild birds.3. Comparative study on the development of endothermic homeothermy was made by determining metabolic responses of embryos and hatchlings to prolonged cooling in duck, chicken, noddy and pigeon.4. Effects of the shell diffusive conductance and altered ambient oxygen on embryonic oxygen consumption were elucidated. Less