Physio-Engineering Study on the Cardiac Function of Avian Eggs.

1.禽蛋心源性微小运动（心冲击图，BCG）和心源性声压（心声图，ACG）的研究。(1)利用微型计算机和卡介菌（BCG）检测录音盒，研制了心电图、卡介菌（BCG）和动脉血压同时测量系统。结果表明，鸡卵中BCG不仅与心室射血有关，而且与心室等容收缩和收缩前有关。(2)将电容传声器测得的ACG与心阻抗图（ICG）、心电图、卡介苗（BCG）和蛋压进行了比较，以找出该信号的来源。卵压与ICG之间存在一定的相关性，但与BCG之间无相关性，有待进一步研究。(3)利用激光位移计、激光散斑计和压电片检测鸡蛋的心源性弹道运动：位移BCG（激光位移计）、运动BCG（激光散斑计）和速度BCG（音频盒和压电片）.非侵入性测量 ...更多信息 鸟类胚胎心率（f_H）的变化。(1)通过测定6种家禽（鹌鹑、鸡、火鸡、孔雀、鸭和鹅）和3种夏威夷海鸟（信天翁、剪水和鸟）胚胎孵化后半期的卡介苗（BCG），非侵入性地测定了胚胎f_H，获得了新的比较生理学知识。(2)结果表明，野鸽胚胎f_H在不同窝次发育过程中有不同的变化，而家鸽胚胎f_H的变化规律相似。但野鸽每窝卵中两个胚胎的fH值非常相似。这些结果表明，野生鸟类胚胎f_H的变异与遗传因素有关.通过测定鸭、鸡、野鸽和鸽胚胎和孵化幼体对长时间降温的代谢反应，比较研究了鸭、鸡、野鸽和鸽胚胎和孵化幼体吸热恒温能力的发展.壳扩散电导和改变环境氧对胚胎耗氧量的影响进行了阐述。少

1. Investigations on cardiogenic minute movements (ballistocardiogram, BCG) and cardiogenic acoustic pressure (acoustocardiogram, ACG) in avian eggs.(1) Using a microcomputer and an audiocartridge for detection of BCG, we developed the simultaneous measuring system of ECG, BCG and arterial blood pressure. It was found that in chicken eggs the BCG was attributed to not only the ventricular blood ejection, but also the ventricular isovolmetric contraction and presystole.(2) The ACG detected by a condenser microphone was compared with the impedance-cardiogram (ICG), ECG, BCG and egg pressure in order to find origins of this signal. Some relations were found with egg pressure and ICG, but not found with the BCG, requiring further investigations.(3) The cardiogenic ballistic movements of the egg were detected as the displacement BCG (by laser displacement meter), the movement BCG (by laser speckle meter) and the velocity BCG (by audiocartridge and piezoelectric film).2. Non-invasive measure … More ments of embryonic heart rate (f_H) in birds.(1) The embryonic f_H was determined noninvasively by measuring the BCG during the last half of incubation period in six species of domesticated birds (quail, chick, turkey, peafowl, duck and goose) and three species of Hawaiian seabirds (albatross, shearwater and noddy), eliciting new comparative physiological knowledges.(2) It was found that the embryonic f_H of the wild pigeon changes variously during development between individual clutches, while that of domesticated pigeons changes similarly. However, the f_H of two embryos in each clutch of the wild pigeon was found very similar. These findings suggest that genetic factors are involved in the variation of the embryonic f_H of wild birds.3. Comparative study on the development of endothermic homeothermy was made by determining metabolic responses of embryos and hatchlings to prolonged cooling in duck, chicken, noddy and pigeon.4. Effects of the shell diffusive conductance and altered ambient oxygen on embryonic oxygen consumption were elucidated. Less