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U. S. -Japan Joint Research on Productivity of Graduate Education

美日研究生教育生产力联合研究

基本信息

批准号：
02044063
负责人：
USHIOGI Morikazu
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02044063/
关键词：
graduate education academic degree system scholarship completion rate of graduate program research fund dissertation dropーout student selection

项目摘要

This study was carried out as a part of the international comparative study on the research organization and education of advanced students in five countries, the U. S., the Great Britain, France, Germany and Japan under the leadership of Professor Burton Clark, UCLA. The study has been executed in two phases, namely the Macroーstudy and Microーstudy. The former focused on (1) the historical outline of the graduate education, (2) the present organization of the graduate education, (3) the academic degree system, (4) the selection and recruitment of advanced students, (5) the labor market for graduates, (6) the training system at the graduate school. At the second phase, five countries selected three disciplines, history from humanities, economics from social sciences, and physics from natural sciences as commonly investigated fields across countries. Beside them, the United States added biology, and Japan engineering as specially investigated.Research groups of every countries carried ou … More t a series of literature investigation, hearing and field surveys to collect relevant information. Five papers for Macroーstudy, and five papers for Microーstudy, in total ten papers submitted to conferences which were held in UCLA every summer.Outlines of research findings are as follow, (1) in every country due to the financial difficulty of the central government the research fund has been cut down, consequently particularly in science the center of research is moving out from universities to industrial laboratories, (2) due to the same reason the financial support system for advanced students is getting worse, every country is now facing with difficulty to attract abler part of students to the graduate training, (3) the training system except the U. S. is generally unstructured which causes the unduly extended staying of students in graduate programs and high rate of dropーout, and low completion rate of programs, (4) in some member countries, however, the government is attempting to set up new center of excellence, on which special fund is invested extensively to introduce more systematized training and more structured curriculum to the graduate training, and to stimulate the training innovation of universities elsewhere. Less

这项研究是加州大学洛杉矶分校伯顿·克拉克教授领导下的美国、英国、法国、德国和日本五个国家的研究组织和高级学生教育国际比较研究的一部分。该研究分宏观研究和微观研究两个阶段进行。前者重点讨论（1）研究生教育的历史概况、（2）研究生教育的现状、（3）学位制度、（4）高级学生的选拔和招生、（5）毕业生的劳动力市场、（6）研究生院的培养制度。第二阶段，5个国家从人文学科中选出历史学、从社会科学中选出经济学、从自然科学中选出物理学3个学科作为各国共同研究的领域。除此之外，美国还增加了生物学、日本工程学作为专门调查对象。各国研究小组进行了一系列文献调查、听证会和实地调查，收集相关资料。宏观研究论文五篇，微观研究论文五篇，总共十篇论文每年夏天提交给加州大学洛杉矶分校举行的会议。研究结果概要如下：（1）各国由于中央政府的财政困难，研究经费被削减，因此特别是在科学领域，研究中心正在从大学转移到工业实验室，（2）由于同样的原因，对高级学生的资助体系越来越差，目前各国都面临着难以吸引更多有能力的学生参加研究生培养的问题，（3）除美国外，培养体系普遍比较杂乱，导致研究生停留时间过长，辍学率高，结业率低，（4）一些成员国政府正在尝试建立新的卓越中心，投入大量专项资金，引进更系统化、更结构化的培训。课程设置融入研究生培养，激发各地高校人才培养创新。较少的