The Comparative Study on Technological and Vocational Education in Schools and Vocational Training

1.分析了日本、英国、美国、德国、法国、俄罗斯等国在技术、职业教育和职业培训方面的制度和实践，并进行了比较。技术、职业教育和职业教育术语随着所调查的每个国家的转型而发生变化，这些变化很大程度上受到法律制定和废除的影响。在所调查的每个国家中，职业培训和资格制度与学校制度不同。但所有国家都以通识教育为基础，这是相当普遍的。每个国家都有一些不同，职业培训和资格认证之间的联系可以说是松散的。在欧共体国家，职业资格等级标准化工作即将展开。在本次实验的背景下，存在着相似的劳动关系，具有非常重要的资质。日本也开展技术、职业教育和职业培训。日本虽然存在重视职业教育决定工资的劳动关系，但并不存在除执照外还需从业资格的劳动关系。最典型的例子之一是，授权只对官方认证具有重要意义，但它与就业是分开的。

1. In this study we analyzed the systems and practices on technological, vocational education and vocational training in Japan, England, America, Germany, France, and Russia, and also we made those comparisons.2. Technological, vocational education and the terminology on vocational education have the changes according to the transition in each country surveyed and those changes are greatly influenced by the enactment and abolition of laws.3. The systems of vocational training and qualifications are existed diferently from school systems in each country surveyed. But it is quite common to all countries for them to be based on general education. There is a little difference in each country, and it has, as it were, a loose connection between vocational training and qualifications.4. In EC countries, standardization of the vocational qualifications levels is about to be carried out. On the background of this experiment there exist similar labor relations that take the qualifications of great importance.5. Technological, vocational education and vocational training are carried out in Japan, too. Though there exist labor relations in Japan that carreer education is taken of importance in decision of wages, there don't exist labor relations that qualifications are needed except licenses. One of the most typical examples is that authorization is significant only for official certification but that it is separated from employment.