The Comparative Study on Technological and Vocational Education in Schools and Vocational Training

1. 本研究分析了日本、英国、美国、德国、法国和俄罗斯在技术、职业教育和职业培训方面的制度和实践，并进行了比较。技术教育、职业教育和职业教育的术语在被调查的每个国家都根据转型发生了变化，这些变化受到法律的制定和废除的很大影响。在接受调查的每个国家，职业培训和资格制度的存在与学校制度不同。但是对于所有国家来说，以通识教育为基础的教育是很普遍的。每个国家的情况略有不同，可以说，职业培训和资格证书之间的联系很松散。在欧共体国家，职业资格等级的标准化工作即将展开。在这个实验的背景下，存在着类似的劳动关系，这些劳动关系具有重要的资格。日本也开展技术教育、职业教育和职业培训。在日本，虽然存在以职业教育为主导决定工资的劳动关系，但不存在除执照外还需要资质的劳动关系。最典型的例子之一是，授权仅对官方认证具有重要意义，但与就业是分开的。

1. In this study we analyzed the systems and practices on technological, vocational education and vocational training in Japan, England, America, Germany, France, and Russia, and also we made those comparisons.2. Technological, vocational education and the terminology on vocational education have the changes according to the transition in each country surveyed and those changes are greatly influenced by the enactment and abolition of laws.3. The systems of vocational training and qualifications are existed diferently from school systems in each country surveyed. But it is quite common to all countries for them to be based on general education. There is a little difference in each country, and it has, as it were, a loose connection between vocational training and qualifications.4. In EC countries, standardization of the vocational qualifications levels is about to be carried out. On the background of this experiment there exist similar labor relations that take the qualifications of great importance.5. Technological, vocational education and vocational training are carried out in Japan, too. Though there exist labor relations in Japan that carreer education is taken of importance in decision of wages, there don't exist labor relations that qualifications are needed except licenses. One of the most typical examples is that authorization is significant only for official certification but that it is separated from employment.