Ethnoarchaeological Study on Iron and Salt in Thailand

泰国铁和盐的民族考古学研究

• 批准号: 06041088
• 负责人: NITTA Eiji
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06041088/
• 关键词: Salt-meking; Iron-smelting; Environmental change; Deforestation; Social change; Ethnoarchaeology; 塩; 自然破壊; 製塩遺跡; 社会再編

Nitta made field researches of traditional iron-smelting and salt-making activities in Thailand during two fiscal years of 1994 and 1995. Ethnoarchaeological studies on them are very useful for prehistoric archaeological and sociological studies.There are three methods of salt-making in Thailand. Solt-field method and salty-water-well method are traditional ones. Salt-field method is carried in many provinces in northeast Thailand. Salt-field method is divided into two groups, pit-trough method and trunk-trough method. Ban Don Reng is one of the villages which runs pit-trough method. This method is as same as that of the archaeological salt-making site at Non Tung Pie Pong, Nakorn Ratchasima province excavated by Nitta. Many of traditional salt-making activities are suffering from the shortage of fuel wood caused by the deforestation and the shortage of young laborers. The traditional salt-making activities which have been carried for 1700 years or more are disappearing by the environmental and social change.Traditional iron-smelting is preserved at Ban Nam Phee, Uttaradit Province. Only one old man preserves the traditional iron-smelting and sword-making technologies. As well as the salt-making, the iron-smelting is also suffering from the shortage of iron material. The government prohibits to collect iron ore near the village, and sand iron disappeared. Iron slag collected at the old iron-smelting sites near the village is the only material to smelt iron. It is also very difficult to collect wood to bake charcoal caused by the deforestation. The iron-smelting furnace and the method to smelt iron are simpler than expected. The furnaces excavated at Ban Dong Plong in Buriram Province in 1990 resembles to that of Ban Nam Phee. The iron produced here is used to make a traditional sword of Ayuttaya style.Two traditional technologies, iron-smelting and salt-making, are now disappearing by the environmental and modern economic and social change in Thailand. (300 words)

在1994年和1995年的两个财政年度里，Nitta对泰国传统的炼铁和制盐活动进行了实地研究。民族考古学的研究对史前考古学和社会学研究都有重要意义。泰国的制盐方法有三种。传统的方法有盐场法和盐水井法。泰国东北部的许多省份都采用盐田法。盐田法分为坑槽法和干槽法。Ban Don Reng是采用坑槽法的那些村庄之一。这种方法与新田在Nakorn Ratchasima省的Non Tung Pie Pong考古制盐遗址的方法相同。由于森林砍伐和年轻劳动力短缺，许多传统的制盐活动正在遭受燃料木材短缺的困扰。由于环境和社会的变化，延续了1700多年的传统制盐活动正在消失，乌塔拉迪特省的班南披保留了传统的炼铁活动。只有一位老人保留了传统的炼铁和制剑技术。与制盐业一样，炼铁业也面临着铁原料短缺的问题。政府禁止在村庄附近采集铁矿石，砂铁消失了。在村庄附近的旧炼铁场收集的铁渣是炼铁的唯一材料。由于森林砍伐，也很难收集木材来烧炭。炼铁炉和炼铁的方法比想象的要简单。1990年在布里拉姆省Ban Dong Plong挖掘的熔炉与Ban Nam Phee的熔炉相似。这里出产的铁被用来制作一把传统的Ayuttaya风格的剑。两种传统的技术，炼铁和制盐，现在正在消失的环境和现代经济和社会的变化在泰国。(300字）

项目成果

Thanet Aphornsuvan ed.: Thammasat University Press. Thailand and her Neighbors (II), 231 (1995)

Thanet Aphornsuvan 编：法政大学出版社。

新田栄治: "製塩の民族誌" 東南アジア考古学. 15(予定). (1995)

新田英二：“盐生产的民族志”东南亚考古学15（计划）（1995）。

新田栄治: "東北タイ製塩の環境と変化" 鹿児島大学史学科報告. 42(予定). (1995)

Eiji Nitta：“泰国东北地区盐生产的环境和变化”鹿儿岛大学历史系报告42（计划）。

Thanet Aphornsuvan ed.: "Thailand and her Neighbors (II)" Thammasat University Press, 231 (1995)

Thanet Aphornsuvan 编辑：“泰国和她的邻居 (II)” 法政大学出版社，231 (1995)

Nitta, Eiji: Dept.Archaeology, College of Liberal Arts, Kagoshima University. Ethnoarchaeological Study on the Traditional Iron-smelting and Salt-making Activities in Thailand., 44 (1996)

新田英二：鹿儿岛大学文学院考古学系。