A Cognitive Study Of Situatedness In English And Japanese-to ward a flexible natural language processing systems-

通过两年的合作研究，我们得出了以下结论。互惠：我们对英语中的“each other”与日语中的“otagai”和“-aw”进行了对比研究，得出了它们的解释取决于使用场合的结论.时间名词的解释：我们阐明了英语和日语中时间名词的解释机制。由于两种语言共同体使用相同的日历时间结构，时间名词的解释机制同样取决于它们的使用情况.日语零式的隐论元分析：以前日语零式被认为是必格的省略。相反，我们提出了一种新的观点，即零是谓词的隐式论元.基于因果关系的共指分析：对于表达因果关系的复句，主句主语与从属分句主语之间的共指关系被考虑在内 关于我们 对于1）每个子句的谓词的语义和2）语用约束，如观点的一致性。句末助词的语篇管理分析：我们提出了YO和NE的新语义，它是说话人在说话过程中的心理状态监控功能。解决椭圆形问题：我们采用的方法是在包含省略的从句的意义和提供该意义的先行从句的意义之间建立一种关系，并求解一个说明这种关系的方程。日语对话的位置消歧：当我们通过自然语言交流时，我们不会明确地说一切。相反，说话者和听话者都利用话语情境所支持的信息。我们将其形式化为适合于情境推理的情境表示。不定式、条件句和量化：日语中的“dono”表示whquestion或全称量化。本文通过对英语who-ever结构和日语dono + mo结构的语义对应关系的分析，来探讨dono的多重意义。少

Through two years of this joint research project, we worked out the following results.1. Reciprocal : We did comparative study of English "each other" and Japanese "otagai" and "-aw" and end up with the conclusion that their interpretations depend on the situation of use.2. Temporal Nominal Interpretations : We clarify the interpretation mechanism of temporal nominals in English and Japanese. Since in both language communities the same calendar time structure is used, interpretation mechanism of temporal nominals depends upon the situations of their use in the same way.3. Implicit Argument Analysis of Japoanese Zero's : Previously Japanese Zero's are regarded as elipsis of obligatory cases. On the contrary we take a new view that Zero's are implicit arguments of predicates.4. Coreference Analysis based on Causality Relations : For complex sentences expressing causality relations, a coreference relation between subject of main clause and subject of sub-ordinate clause becomes accounted … More for by 1) semantics of predicates of each clause and 2) pragmatic constraints like consistency of point of view.5. Discourse Management Analysis of Sentence Final Particles : We propose a new semantics of YO and NE which is a monitoring function of speaker's mental state during utterance.6. Resolving Elliptical Utterances : The approach we take relies on establishing a relation between the meaning of the clause containing the ellipsis and the meaning of the antecedent clause which supplies the meaning, and solving an equation that states that relation.7. Situated Disambiguations of Japanese Dialogue : When we communicate through natural language, we do not explicitly say everything. Rather, both the speaker and the hearer utilize information supported by the utterance situation. We formalize this as a situated representation suitable for situated inference.8. Indefinites, Conditionals, and Quantification : Japanese "dono" represents either a whquestion or a universal quantification. We analyze this multiple meanings of "dono" by focusing on the semantic parallelism between English "wh-ever" construction and Japanese "dono" + "mo" construction. Less