Study on Language Contacts among Northern Peoples to Japan centering on Ainu from the Viewpoint of their Mingu

本研究计划以库页岛阿伊努人为研究对象，通过考察名族名称及名族本身的分布，探讨北方民族与日本的语言接触状况及历史。我们认为重要的是，考虑语言接触的问题，我们不仅需要分析语言数据，还需要将它们与通过非语言数据（如物质或文化数据）得出的历史关系进行比较。因此，我们同时考察了明目的名称、形式、用法和制作过程，并从中分析了语言方面和物质方面的相互关系。因此，我们将人名数据库作为基础数据。由于对库页岛阿伊努的实地调查已经陷入困境，田村和中川根据文献资料制作了数据库（“结果报告”2.1）。根据实地调查的结果，唐古建立了Nivkh mingu数据库（2.2），长崎建立了Yukagir数据库（2.3）。在其他语言中，我们收集到的词汇仍然不足以构建适当的数据库，但作为实地报告，李写了关于和镇制革工具（3.3）和田口写了关于苗族烹饪工具（3.5）。作为对语言接触的分析，中川写了一篇关于日语、阿伊努语（北海道、库页岛和千岛岛）、Nivkh语和通古斯语围绕阿伊努人的名字（3.1）的相关性的论文。中川还分析了上面提到的李氏报告，并写了一篇论文（3.4），中川在论文中考虑了包括库页岛在内的阿伊努人在到达库页岛后，几乎没有受到包括和镇在内的黑龙江沿海民族对制革工具及其名称的影响。唐库的论文（3.2）以2.2的数据库为基础，全面考察了尼夫赫族的名名，并详细分析了它们与周边语言名名的关系。少

This research project tries to explore the situation and history of the language contacts of the northern peoples to Japan focusing on the Sakhalin Ainu, by seeing the distribution of the names of mingu and mingu itself. We think it is important that to consider the problems of language contact, we need not only to analyze language data but also to compare them to the historical relations drawn through the non-linguistic data such as material or cultural ones. Therefore, we investigated simultaneously the names, the form, the use, and the making process of the mingu, and from them we analyzed the mutual relation of a language side and a substance side together.As the result we made the databases of the mingu names as fundamental data. Since the field survey was already in the difficult situation about the Sakhalin Ainu, Tamura and Nakagawa made the database based on the materials of literature ("Result Report" 2.1). As results on field surveys, Tangiku made the database of Nivkh mingu … More vocabulary(2.2) and Nagasaki made the Yukagir one(2.3). On the other languages the vocabularies we could collect are still not enough to be constructed as proper databases, but as field reports, Li wrote about Hezhen instruments for tanning(3.3) and Taguchi wrote about Miao instruments for cooking (3.5).As analyses about language contacts, Nakagawa wrote a paper on the correlation of Japanese, Ainu(Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Kuril), Nivkh, and Tungusic languages around Ainu mingu name pasuy (3.1). Also Nakagawa analyzed the Li report above mentioned and wrote a paper (3.4), in which Nakagawa considered the reason why Ainu including Sakhalin has been hardly affected by the influence from the Heilungchiang coast peoples including Hezhen on the tanning instruments and their names, while it had reached to Sakhalin. In the Tangiku's paper (3.2), based on the database of 2.2, the mingu names of Nivkh are comprehensively examined, and the relation between them and those of surrounding languages is also analyzed in detail. Less