Study on Language Contacts among Northern Peoples to Japan centering on Ainu from the Viewpoint of their Mingu

本研究以库页岛阿伊努人为中心，通过考察名族的分布和名族本身，探讨北方民族与日本语言接触的情况和历史。我们认为，考虑语言接触的问题，我们不仅需要分析语言数据，而且还需要将它们与通过非语言数据（如物质或文化数据）得出的历史关系进行比较。为此，我们对明代地名的名称、形式、用途、制作过程进行了同步考察，并从中分析了语言层面和物质层面的相互关系，从而建立了明代地名数据库作为基础数据。由于对萨哈林阿伊努人的实地调查已经陷入困境，田村和中川根据文献资料制作了数据库（“结果报告”2.1）。作为实地调查的结果，Tangiku建立了Nivkh mingu数据库， 关于我们 词汇（2.2）和长崎使尤卡吉尔一（2.3）。关于其他语言的词汇，我们所能收集到的词汇还不足以建立适当的数据库，但作为实地报告，李写了关于赫哲族制革仪器的文章（3.3）和田口写了关于苗族烹饪工具的文章（3.5）作为语言接触的分析，中川写了一篇关于日本人、阿伊努人、（北海道、库页岛和千岛群岛）、尼夫克语和阿伊努人周围的通古斯语名为pasuy（3.1）。中川还分析了上述李的报告，并写了一篇论文（3.4），其中中川认为，为什么包括库页岛在内的阿伊努人几乎没有受到包括赫哲在内的黑龙江沿海民族对制革工具及其名称的影响，而它已经到达库页岛。在Tangiku的论文（3.2）中，基于2.2的数据库，全面考察了尼夫克语的明古语名称，并详细分析了它们与周围语言的关系。少

This research project tries to explore the situation and history of the language contacts of the northern peoples to Japan focusing on the Sakhalin Ainu, by seeing the distribution of the names of mingu and mingu itself. We think it is important that to consider the problems of language contact, we need not only to analyze language data but also to compare them to the historical relations drawn through the non-linguistic data such as material or cultural ones. Therefore, we investigated simultaneously the names, the form, the use, and the making process of the mingu, and from them we analyzed the mutual relation of a language side and a substance side together.As the result we made the databases of the mingu names as fundamental data. Since the field survey was already in the difficult situation about the Sakhalin Ainu, Tamura and Nakagawa made the database based on the materials of literature ("Result Report" 2.1). As results on field surveys, Tangiku made the database of Nivkh mingu … More vocabulary(2.2) and Nagasaki made the Yukagir one(2.3). On the other languages the vocabularies we could collect are still not enough to be constructed as proper databases, but as field reports, Li wrote about Hezhen instruments for tanning(3.3) and Taguchi wrote about Miao instruments for cooking (3.5).As analyses about language contacts, Nakagawa wrote a paper on the correlation of Japanese, Ainu(Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Kuril), Nivkh, and Tungusic languages around Ainu mingu name pasuy (3.1). Also Nakagawa analyzed the Li report above mentioned and wrote a paper (3.4), in which Nakagawa considered the reason why Ainu including Sakhalin has been hardly affected by the influence from the Heilungchiang coast peoples including Hezhen on the tanning instruments and their names, while it had reached to Sakhalin. In the Tangiku's paper (3.2), based on the database of 2.2, the mingu names of Nivkh are comprehensively examined, and the relation between them and those of surrounding languages is also analyzed in detail. Less