A Histrical study of the spacial Structure of Houses for which Forms of Habitation are Determining Factor

城市和乡村的住宅形式不仅具有个体住宅的功能，还具有将其形成连贯群体的模式。这样连贯的群体被道路划分为被称为邻里街区的住宅形式。本研究从国际视角探讨了住宅的各种模式，以日本、欧洲和亚洲的城镇为例，考察其空间构成，其中决定性因素是连贯的住宅群。作者试图在对这些原则的历史研究的基础上，找出支配邻里街区形成的组织原则。以日本为例，江户的宿井桥- gommonai - hirokoji地区，历史记录和文献被用来比较武士和武士宿舍。其他使用的例子是中世纪葡萄牙设防的蒙萨拉斯镇和中国设防的省会城市万平城，作者在那里进行了实地工作并分析了邻里街区的结构。房屋的外墙和栅栏界定了住宅的外部边界，不仅形成了与道路和邻近物业的边界，而且还将住宅组织成一个连贯的整体。墙和栅栏从面向道路的部分延伸到街区内部，赋予其特殊的特征。通过生成这些连贯建筑群的空间结构的图形表示，基于邻近街区的特定特征，可以确定其空间组织的原则。相对较少的例子意味着本研究不能尝试将所有形式住宅的空间结构原则系统化，但它确实证明了使用住宅地块周围的墙壁和围栏作为分析指标的方法的有效性。

As well as functioning as individual residences, the dwelling forms in cities and villages also possess modalities which form them into coherent groups. Such coherent groups are divided by roads into the dwelling forms known as neighborhood blocks. The present study, which addresses the various modes of dwelling from an international perspective, uses as examples towns in Japan, Europe and Asia in examination of spacial composition in which the determining factor is the coherent group of dwellings. The author intends to identify the organizational principles governing the formation of the neighborhood block, based on historical study of these principles.For the Japanese example, the Sujikaibashi-Gommonnai-Hirokoji area of Edo, historical records and literature are used in a comparison of the samurai and chonin quarters. The other examples used are the fortified medieval portuguese town of Monsaraz and the Chinese fortified provincial capital town of Wanpingcheng, where the author conducted field work and analyzed the structure of the neighborhood blocks.The exterior walls of the houses and fence which define the outer bounds of the residences not only form the boundaries with the roads and neighboring properties but also arganise the residences into a coherent whole. Walls and fences extend beyoud the parts which face onto the road into the interior of the block to give its special character. By producing a graphic representation the spacial structures of these coherent groups of buildings, based on the specific characteristics of the neighborhood block, it is possible to identify the principles of their spacial organisation. The relatively small number of examples means that this study cannot attempt to systematize the principles of spacial structure for all forms of dwelling but it does demonstrate the effectiveness of a methodology which uses the walls and fences surrounding residential plots as analytical indices.