Studies on the Etiology of Gallbladder Cancer in Chile

我们从1995年至1907年在智利进行了胆囊癌（GBC）的病理学研究。本文报告了已完成的三个主要研究项目的结果：1）智利和日本女性胆石症患者胆汁致突变活性的比较：采用蓝色人造丝吸附技术，用艾姆斯试验（TA 98 + S 9 mix）比较了智利和日本女性胆石症患者胆汁的致突变活性。在智利采集的24份胆汁样品中，20份（83%）显示出致突变性。在日本的胆汁中，GBC高、低风险地区的26份样品中分别有21份（81%）和5份（19%）显示出致突变性。当比较三组之间回复突变菌落的平均数时，智利胆汁显示出比日本胆汁更高的致突变活性。2）智利女性胆囊癌的危险因素：对在一家医院登记的90例智利胆囊癌病例进行了病例对照研究。 关于我们 圣地亚哥市。在接受腹部回波描记术的医院门诊患者中选择对照。每个病例分配2个年龄和性别匹配的对照组;有或无胆结石。本研究集中在74对女性，并获得了以下结果：比值比（OR）显着高的教育小于或等于6，体重指数大于或等于24.0，便秘，和消费鸡蛋，油炸食品，绿色和红辣椒。辣椒的食用与胆囊癌的发生率有显著性差异。3）胆囊癌p53基因突变的特征和地理变异：采用PCR直接测序法对来自新泻的22例和来自圣地亚哥的18例胆囊癌p53基因外显子5-8进行分析。p53突变在两组中均频繁观察到（日本人，50%和智利人，61%）。两组均未发现器官特异性或地理特异性的“突变热点”。但它们的突变谱有显著差异。日本人未发现CpG位点转换点突变，31%为颠换型;智利人全部为转换型，33%为CpG位点转换点突变。少

We conducted ipidemiologic studeies on gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chile from 1995 TO 1907. We report here the results of three major research projects which had been already published.1) Comparison of mutagenic activity of bile between Chilean and Japanese female patients having cholelithiasis :The mutagenic activity of bile was compared beteen Chilean and Japanese female patients having cholelithiasis by the Ames test (TA98+S9mix) with blue rayon adsorption technique. Of 24 bile samples collected in Chile, 20 (83%) showed mutagenicity, In the case of Japanses bile, 21 (81%) of 26 and 5 (19%) of 26 cases were mutagenic in samples from high-and low-risk areas of GBC,respectively. When the avearge numbers of revertant colonies were compared among three groups, Chilean bile had a tendency to show a higher mutagenic activity than Japanese.2) Risk factos for gallbladder cancer in Chilean females :A case-control study of GBC was conducted with 90 Chilean cases registered at one hospital in … More Santiago City. Controls were selected among outpatients of the hospital who received abdominal echography. Each case assigned 2 age-and sex-matched controls ; either with or without gallstone (s). The present study focused on 74 female pairs and the following findings were obtained ; Odds ratios (ORs) were signigicantly high for education less than or equal to 6, body mass index greater than or equal to 24.0, constipation, and consumption of egg, fried meals, green and red chili. Chili peppers consumption of both types in cases showed signigicantly elevated risks with higher frequency.3) Chracteristics and geographic variation of p53 gene mutation in gallbladder cancer :We analyzed informative 22 cases from Niigata and 18 cases from Santiago for exons 5-8 of p53 gene by PCR-direct sequencing. p53 mutations were frequently observed in both groups (Japanese, 50% and Chilean, 61%). We could find neither organ specific nor geographically peculiar "mutational hot spot" in both groups. But, their mutational spectrums showed notable difference. In Japanese cases point mutation was not found for transition at CpG site and 31% of them were transversion type, while all the point mutations found in Chileans were transition type and 33% of which were observed at CpG site. Less