Analytical Studies on Extraction and Identification of Carcinogenic Substances from Chili Pepper in Chile

我们在智利对胆囊癌（GBC）进行了流行病学研究，并报告了几项关于胆囊癌病因的新发现。基于多种相互作用因素导致GBC的多因假设，对GBC进行病例对照研究。由于胆结石（GS）的存在是一个明确的危险因素，我们试图发现其他可能导致GBC与GS相关的因素。然后，发现食用辣椒增加了GBC发生的风险。基于这些证据，鉴定辣椒中的物质是一项优先工作。红辣椒是从智利圣地亚哥的一个市场购买的，用己烷和水从辣椒中提取。用Ames法对鼠伤寒沙门菌TA98和S9混合物进行了己烷和水层提取物的致突变性试验。然后，水层表现出诱变性，而己烷层没有。用Sep-Pak C18柱从水层进一步提取，得到10个馏分（F1 ~ F10）。在这些部分中，Ames分析表明，只有F5部分被发现具有诱变性。初步试验表明，辣椒中的主要成分辣椒素属于F6组分，因此其诱变物质似乎与辣椒素不同。对F5馏分进行进一步提取，得到8个馏分（F5-1 ~ F5-8）。然后发现F5-5具有诱变性。然后将F5-5分离成6个提取物（F5-5-1 ~ F5-5-6），每个提取物进行Ames试验。最后发现F5-5-3提取物具有致突变性。致突变物质的鉴定正在进行中。

We have conducted epidemiological studies on gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chile and reported several new findings suggesting a cause of this cancer. A case-control study of GBC was conducted based on a multiple causation hypothesis that various interactive factors cause GBC.Since the presence of gallstone (GS) is a definite risk factor, we tried to discover others which may cause GBC in association with GS.Then, it was found that chili pepper consumption increased the risk of occurrence of GBC.Based on this evidence, iden-tification of the substance(s) in chili pepper is a priority work.Red chili pepper was purchased in a market in Santiago, Chile and extraction was made from chili pepper using hexane and water. Extracts of hexane and water layers were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 with S9 mix. Then, the water layer demonstrated mutagenicity, but the hexane layer did not. Further extraction was made from the water layer by using a Sep-Pak C18 column and ten fractions were obtained (F1 to F10). Of these fractions an Ames analysis disclosed that only the F5 fraction was found to be mutagenic. A preliminary experience had showed that capsaicin, a major ingredient in chili pepper, belonged to F6 fraction so that the mutagenic substance (s) seemed different from capsaicin.A further extraction from F5 fraction was undertaken and eight fractions (F5-1 to F5-8) were obtained. Then, F5-5 was found to be mutagenic. F5-5 was then fractionated to six extracts (F5-5-1 to F5-5-6) and an each extract was tested with the Ames test. Finally, F5-5-3 extract was found to be mutagenic. Identification of the mutagenic substance (s) has been in progress.