International and Epidemiological Studies on the Causes of Gallbladder Cancer in Hungary

我们在日本和智利进行了胆囊癌的流行病学研究，胆囊癌死亡率分别位居世界第5位和第1位。作为下一步，我们研究了匈牙利GBC的特点，因为它的排名在世界上排名第二。(1)BBC病例对照研究：从匈牙利布达佩斯的医院收集了42例GBC合并GS，并以30例无GBC但有GS的医院门诊患者为对照。(2)细胞色素P450 1A1基因的遗传多态性：为了阐明GBC易感性的个体差异，我们调查了42例GBC患者和100例正常对照的细胞色素P450 1A1基因Msp1和Ile-Val的频率。(3)P53、K-ras密码子12突变与微卫星不稳定性(MSI)：我们收集了20例匈牙利和22例日本GBC病例。匈牙利18例中有6例(33.3%)和日本22例中有11例(50.0%)有P53基因突变，但差异无统计学意义。匈牙利突变的碱基变化谱为过渡型，而日本突变的碱基变化谱均为颠换型。K-ras基因突变在两个国家之间没有差异。匈牙利和日本GBC的MSI-H频率分别为1/15(6.7%)和8/19(42.1%)。两者之间有显著差异。总而言之，辣椒的消费也被披露为风险因素，如智利所示。此外，匈牙利的P53基因突变谱与智利相似，但与日本不同。

We have conducted epidemiological studies on gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Japan and Chile, where the ranks of mortality rate for GBC were the 5^<th> and the 1^<st>, respectively, in the world. As a next step, we studied the characteristics of GBC in Hungary since its rank was reported as the 2^<nd> in the world.(1)Case-Control Study of BBC : We collected 42 cases of GBC with GS from hospitals in Budapest, Hungary and 30 controls among outpatients of the hospital without GBC, but with GS. When a conditional logistic analysis was applied, the consumption of chili pepper and the age were found to be significantly related to the occurrence of GBC.(2)Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 1A1 : In order to clarify the individual differences in susceptibility to GBC, we investigated the frequency of the Msp1 and Ile-Val polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 gene, in 42 cases of GBC and 100 controls. There were no statistical differences in the frequencies of the mutant genotypes of Msp1 and Ile-Val polymorphism or their alleles between them.(3)Mutations of p53, K-ras codon 12 and Microsatellite Instability (MSI) : We collected 20 GBC in Hungary and 22 cases in Japan. Mutations of p53 were found in 6 out of 18 cases (33.3%) in Hungary and in 11 out of 22 cases (50.0%) in Japan, but no difference was found. Base-change spectra of mutation in Hungary were characterized as transition type, while in Japan they were all transversion type. There was no difference in K-ras mutations between two countries. The frequencies of MSI-H of GBC were 1/15 (6.7%) in Hungary and 8/19 (42.1%) in Japan. There was a significant difference between them.In conclusion, the consumption of chili pepper was also disclosed as a risk factor, as shown in Chile. In addition, the mutation spectra of p53 in Hungary were similar to those in Chile, but different from those in Japan.