Anthropo-genetics on paleomongoloid in South America

为阐明日本人与安第斯人的古人类学关系，对哥伦比亚、智利、玻利维亚和智利的安第斯人，秘鲁南部和智利北部的安第斯木乃伊，以及日本南部的安第斯人的人类T细胞白血病病毒Ⅰ型（HTLV-Ⅰ）原病毒DNA、线粒体DNA和核DNA特征进行了比较。通过对HTLV-Ⅰ型前病毒和人类白细胞抗原（HLA-DQ）特异基因的DNA分析，阐明了安第斯人与日本南方人的亲缘关系较近，而亚马逊人、奥里诺科河人和巴塔哥尼亚人与安第斯人的亲缘关系较远。最近从6具1500-1000年前的木乃伊中鉴定出了HLA-DQ和β珠蛋白的特异性基因，并且已经完成了对智利北部46具8000-500年前的木乃伊线粒体DNA的D环区的基础分析。除了传统的考古学研究之外，通过这些民族流行病学和免疫遗传学研究，将产生古安第斯人历史分散的新证据。

To clarify the paleoanthropological relationship between Japanese and Andeans, charactistics of provirus DNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), mitochodrial DNA and nuclear DNA was compared among 1) Andeans in Colombia, Chile, Bolivia and Chile, 2) Andean mummies in south Peru and north Chile, and 3) southern Japanese. From DNA analysis of HTLV-I provirus and specific genes of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQ), it was clarified that Andeans are closely related to southern Japanese, but people in Amazone, Orinoco and Patagonia were very different from them. Specific genes of HLA-DQ and betaglobin was just identified from 6 mummies (1500-1000 years ago) and also base analysis of D-loop regeon of mitochondial DNA from 46 mummies (8000-500 years ago) in north Chile have been already completed. Through those ethnoepidemiological and immunogenetic studies in addition to traditional ancheological studies, a new evidence of historical dispersal of paleo-Andeans would be generated.